[PHP] Array And Class Object Performance Test

PHP Dynamic ArrayClass With ConstructorClass With SetterIlluminate\Support\CollectionCollection + Class Based Collection
Test Linkhttps://3v4l.org/h08dj/perfhttps://3v4l.org/CU0MC/perfhttps://3v4l.org/IqmsA/perf코드가 너무 길어서 테스트 불가코드가 너무 길어서 테스트 불가
Memory Peak536 MB254 MB254 MB658 MB660 MB
Execution TimeExecution Time: 2.32 secondsExecution Time: 3.38 secondsExecution Time: 4.25 secondsExecution Time: 3.55 secondsExecution Time: 5.96 seconds

PHP

<?php
ini_set('memory_limit', '1024M');
$start = microtime(true);
$product = [];
for ($k = 0; $k <= 1000; $k++) {
    $options = [];
    for ($j = 0; $j <= 10; $j++) {
        $optionItems = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++) {
            $optionItems[] = array(
                'title' => 'OptionItem' . $i,
                'description' => 'OptionItem ' . $i . ' Description',
                'price' => random_int(1000, 10000)
            );
        }

        $options[] = array(
            'title' => 'Option' . $j,
            'description' => 'Option ' . $j . ' Description',
            'price' => random_int(1000, 10000),
            'items' => $optionItems
        );
    }
    $product[] = array(
        'title' => 'Product' . $k,
        'description' => 'Product ' . $k . ' Description',
        'price' => random_int(1000, 10000),
        'currency' => 'USD',
        'category' => 'Category' . $k,
        'brand' => 'Brand' . $k,
        'options' => $options
    );
}

$end = microtime(true);
echo 'Memory Peak Usage: ' . (memory_get_peak_usage(true) / 1024 / 1024) . ' MB' . '<br>';
echo 'Execution Time: ' . round($end - $start, 2) . ' seconds' . '<br>';

PHP

<?php

class Product {
    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;
    private string $currency;
    private string $category;
    private string $brand;
    private array $options;

    /**
     * @param string $title
     * @param string $description
     * @param int $price
     * @param string $currency
     * @param string $category
     * @param string $brand
     * @param array $options
     */
    public function __construct(string $title, string $description, int $price, string $currency, string $category, string $brand, array $options)
    {
        $this->title = $title;
        $this->description = $description;
        $this->price = $price;
        $this->currency = $currency;
        $this->category = $category;
        $this->brand = $brand;
        $this->options = $options;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getTitle(): string
    {
        return $this->title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getDescription(): string
    {
        return $this->description;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @return int
     */
    public function getPrice(): int
    {
        return $this->price;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCurrency(): string
    {
        return $this->currency;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $currency
     */
    public function setCurrency(string $currency): void
    {
        $this->currency = $currency;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCategory(): string
    {
        return $this->category;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $category
     */
    public function setCategory(string $category): void
    {
        $this->category = $category;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getBrand(): string
    {
        return $this->brand;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $brand
     */
    public function setBrand(string $brand): void
    {
        $this->brand = $brand;
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public function getOptions(): array
    {
        return $this->options;
    }

    /**
     * @param array $options
     */
    public function setOptions(array $options): void
    {
        $this->options = $options;
    }


}

class Option {


    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;
    private array $items;

    /**
     * @param string $title
     * @param string $description
     * @param int $price
     * @param array $items
     */
    public function __construct(string $title, string $description, int $price, array $items)
    {
        $this->title = $title;
        $this->description = $description;
        $this->price = $price;
        $this->items = $items;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * @param array $items
     */
    public function setItems(array $items): void
    {
        $this->items = $items;
    }
}

class OptionItem {
    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;

    /**
     * @param string $title
     * @param string $description
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function __construct(string $title, string $description, int $price)
    {
        $this->title = $title;
        $this->description = $description;
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }
}

$product = [];
for ($k = 0; $k <= 100; $k++) {
    $options = [];
    for ($j = 0; $j <= 10; $j++) {
        $optionItems = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++) {
            $optionItem = new OptionItem(title: 'OptionItem' . $i, description: 'OptionItem ' . $i . ' Description', price: random_int(1000, 10000));
            $optionItems[] = $optionItem;
        }

        $option = new Option(title: 'Option' . $j, description: 'Option ' . $j . ' Description', price: random_int(1000, 10000), items: $optionItems);
        $options[] = $option;
    }
    $product[] = new Product(title: 'Product' . $k, description: 'Product ' . $k . ' Description', price: random_int(1000, 10000), currency: 'USD', category: 'Category' . $k, brand: 'Brand' . $k, options: $options);
}

PHP

 <?php
ini_set('memory_limit', '1024M');


class Product
{
    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;
    private string $currency;
    private string $category;
    private string $brand;
    private array $options;

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getTitle(): string
    {
        return $this->title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getDescription(): string
    {
        return $this->description;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @return int
     */
    public function getPrice(): int
    {
        return $this->price;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCurrency(): string
    {
        return $this->currency;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $currency
     */
    public function setCurrency(string $currency): void
    {
        $this->currency = $currency;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCategory(): string
    {
        return $this->category;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $category
     */
    public function setCategory(string $category): void
    {
        $this->category = $category;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getBrand(): string
    {
        return $this->brand;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $brand
     */
    public function setBrand(string $brand): void
    {
        $this->brand = $brand;
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public function getOptions(): array
    {
        return $this->options;
    }

    /**
     * @param array $options
     */
    public function setOptions(array $options): void
    {
        $this->options = $options;
    }


}

class Option
{
    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;
    private array $items;

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * @param array $items
     */
    public function setItems(array $items): void
    {
        $this->items = $items;
    }
}

class OptionItem
{
    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }
}
$start = microtime(true);

$products = [];
for ($k = 0; $k <= 1000; $k++) {
    $product = new Product();
    $product->setTitle('Product' . $k);
    $product->setDescription('Product ' . $k . ' Description');
    $product->setPrice(random_int(1000, 10000));
    $product->setCurrency('USD');
    $product->setCategory('Category' . $k);
    $product->setBrand('Brand' . $k);
    $options = [];
    for ($j = 0; $j <= 10; $j++) {
        $option = new Option();
        $option->setTitle('Option' . $j);
        $option->setDescription('Option ' . $j . ' Description');
        $option->setPrice(random_int(1000, 10000));

        $optionItems = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++) {
            $optionItem = new OptionItem();
            $optionItem->setTitle('Option Item' . $i);
            $optionItem->setDescription('Option Item ' . $i . ' Description');
            $optionItem->setPrice(random_int(1000, 10000));

            $optionItems[] = $optionItem;
        }

        $option->setItems($optionItems);
        $options[] = $option;
    }
    $product->setOptions($options);
    $products[] = $product;
}

$end = microtime(true);
echo 'Memory Peak Usage: ' . (memory_get_peak_usage(true) / 1024 / 1024) . ' MB' . '<br>';
echo 'Execution Time: ' . round($end - $start, 2) . ' seconds' . '<br>';

PHP

<?php
namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Support;

ini_set('memory_limit', '1024M');
interface CanBeEscapedWhenCastToString
{
    /**
     * Indicate that the object's string representation should be escaped when __toString is invoked.
     *
     * @param  bool  $escape
     * @return $this
     */
    public function escapeWhenCastingToString($escape = true);
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support\Traits;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Support\HigherOrderWhenProxy;

trait Conditionable
{
    /**
     * Apply the callback if the given "value" is (or resolves to) truthy.
     *
     * @template TWhenParameter
     * @template TWhenReturnType
     *
     * @param  (\Closure($this): TWhenParameter)|TWhenParameter|null  $value
     * @param  (callable($this, TWhenParameter): TWhenReturnType)|null  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this, TWhenParameter): TWhenReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenReturnType
     */
    public function when($value = null, ?callable $callback = null, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        $value = $value instanceof Closure ? $value($this) : $value;

        if (func_num_args() === 0) {
            return new HigherOrderWhenProxy($this);
        }

        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            return (new HigherOrderWhenProxy($this))->condition($value);
        }

        if ($value) {
            return $callback($this, $value) ?? $this;
        } elseif ($default) {
            return $default($this, $value) ?? $this;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the given "value" is (or resolves to) falsy.
     *
     * @template TUnlessParameter
     * @template TUnlessReturnType
     *
     * @param  (\Closure($this): TUnlessParameter)|TUnlessParameter|null  $value
     * @param  (callable($this, TUnlessParameter): TUnlessReturnType)|null  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this, TUnlessParameter): TUnlessReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessReturnType
     */
    public function unless($value = null, ?callable $callback = null, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        $value = $value instanceof Closure ? $value($this) : $value;

        if (func_num_args() === 0) {
            return (new HigherOrderWhenProxy($this))->negateConditionOnCapture();
        }

        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            return (new HigherOrderWhenProxy($this))->condition(! $value);
        }

        if (! $value) {
            return $callback($this, $value) ?? $this;
        } elseif ($default) {
            return $default($this, $value) ?? $this;
        }

        return $this;
    }
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support;

use ArgumentCountError;
use \ArrayAccess;
use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Macroable;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use Random\Randomizer;

class Arr
{
    use Macroable;

    /**
     * Determine whether the given value is array accessible.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function accessible($value)
    {
        return is_array($value) || $value instanceof ArrayAccess;
    }

    /**
     * Add an element to an array using "dot" notation if it doesn't exist.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string|int|float  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return array
     */
    public static function add($array, $key, $value)
    {
        if (is_null(static::get($array, $key))) {
            static::set($array, $key, $value);
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Collapse an array of arrays into a single array.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function collapse($array)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($array as $values) {
            if ($values instanceof Collection) {
                $values = $values->all();
            } elseif (! is_array($values)) {
                continue;
            }

            $results[] = $values;
        }

        return array_merge([], ...$results);
    }

    /**
     * Cross join the given arrays, returning all possible permutations.
     *
     * @param  iterable  ...$arrays
     * @return array
     */
    public static function crossJoin(...$arrays)
    {
        $results = [[]];

        foreach ($arrays as $index => $array) {
            $append = [];

            foreach ($results as $product) {
                foreach ($array as $item) {
                    $product[$index] = $item;

                    $append[] = $product;
                }
            }

            $results = $append;
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Divide an array into two arrays. One with keys and the other with values.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function divide($array)
    {
        return [array_keys($array), array_values($array)];
    }

    /**
     * Flatten a multi-dimensional associative array with dots.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @param  string  $prepend
     * @return array
     */
    public static function dot($array, $prepend = '')
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
            if (is_array($value) && ! empty($value)) {
                $results = array_merge($results, static::dot($value, $prepend.$key.'.'));
            } else {
                $results[$prepend.$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Convert a flatten "dot" notation array into an expanded array.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function undot($array)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
            static::set($results, $key, $value);
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the given array except for a specified array of keys.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  array|string|int|float  $keys
     * @return array
     */
    public static function except($array, $keys)
    {
        static::forget($array, $keys);

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given key exists in the provided array.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|array  $array
     * @param  string|int|float  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function exists($array, $key)
    {
        if ($array instanceof Enumerable) {
            return $array->has($key);
        }

        if ($array instanceof ArrayAccess) {
            return $array->offsetExists($key);
        }

        if (is_float($key)) {
            $key = (string) $key;
        }

        return array_key_exists($key, $array);
    }

    /**
     * Return the first element in an array passing a given truth test.
     *
     * @template TKey
     * @template TValue
     * @template TFirstDefault
     *
     * @param  iterable<TKey, TValue>  $array
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TFirstDefault|(\Closure(): TFirstDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TFirstDefault
     */
    public static function first($array, ?callable $callback = null, $default = null)
    {
        if (is_null($callback)) {
            if (empty($array)) {
                return value($default);
            }

            foreach ($array as $item) {
                return $item;
            }

            return value($default);
        }

        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
            if ($callback($value, $key)) {
                return $value;
            }
        }

        return value($default);
    }

    /**
     * Return the last element in an array passing a given truth test.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable|null  $callback
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed
     */
    public static function last($array, ?callable $callback = null, $default = null)
    {
        if (is_null($callback)) {
            return empty($array) ? value($default) : end($array);
        }

        return static::first(array_reverse($array, true), $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Take the first or last {$limit} items from an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @return array
     */
    public static function take($array, $limit)
    {
        if ($limit < 0) {
            return array_slice($array, $limit, abs($limit));
        }

        return array_slice($array, 0, $limit);
    }

    /**
     * Flatten a multi-dimensional array into a single level.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @param  int  $depth
     * @return array
     */
    public static function flatten($array, $depth = INF)
    {
        $result = [];

        foreach ($array as $item) {
            $item = $item instanceof Collection ? $item->all() : $item;

            if (! is_array($item)) {
                $result[] = $item;
            } else {
                $values = $depth === 1
                    ? array_values($item)
                    : static::flatten($item, $depth - 1);

                foreach ($values as $value) {
                    $result[] = $value;
                }
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Remove one or many array items from a given array using "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  array|string|int|float  $keys
     * @return void
     */
    public static function forget(&$array, $keys)
    {
        $original = &$array;

        $keys = (array) $keys;

        if (count($keys) === 0) {
            return;
        }

        foreach ($keys as $key) {
            // if the exact key exists in the top-level, remove it
            if (static::exists($array, $key)) {
                unset($array[$key]);

                continue;
            }

            $parts = explode('.', $key);

            // clean up before each pass
            $array = &$original;

            while (count($parts) > 1) {
                $part = array_shift($parts);

                if (isset($array[$part]) && static::accessible($array[$part])) {
                    $array = &$array[$part];
                } else {
                    continue 2;
                }
            }

            unset($array[array_shift($parts)]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get an item from an array using "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|array  $array
     * @param  string|int|null  $key
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed
     */
    public static function get($array, $key, $default = null)
    {
        if (! static::accessible($array)) {
            return value($default);
        }

        if (is_null($key)) {
            return $array;
        }

        if (static::exists($array, $key)) {
            return $array[$key];
        }

        if (! str_contains($key, '.')) {
            return $array[$key] ?? value($default);
        }

        foreach (explode('.', $key) as $segment) {
            if (static::accessible($array) && static::exists($array, $segment)) {
                $array = $array[$segment];
            } else {
                return value($default);
            }
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Check if an item or items exist in an array using "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|array  $array
     * @param  string|array  $keys
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function has($array, $keys)
    {
        $keys = (array) $keys;

        if (! $array || $keys === []) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach ($keys as $key) {
            $subKeyArray = $array;

            if (static::exists($array, $key)) {
                continue;
            }

            foreach (explode('.', $key) as $segment) {
                if (static::accessible($subKeyArray) && static::exists($subKeyArray, $segment)) {
                    $subKeyArray = $subKeyArray[$segment];
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if any of the keys exist in an array using "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|array  $array
     * @param  string|array  $keys
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function hasAny($array, $keys)
    {
        if (is_null($keys)) {
            return false;
        }

        $keys = (array) $keys;

        if (! $array) {
            return false;
        }

        if ($keys === []) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach ($keys as $key) {
            if (static::has($array, $key)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if an array is associative.
     *
     * An array is "associative" if it doesn't have sequential numerical keys beginning with zero.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isAssoc(array $array)
    {
        return ! array_is_list($array);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if an array is a list.
     *
     * An array is a "list" if all array keys are sequential integers starting from 0 with no gaps in between.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isList($array)
    {
        return array_is_list($array);
    }

    /**
     * Join all items using a string. The final items can use a separate glue string.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string  $glue
     * @param  string  $finalGlue
     * @return string
     */
    public static function join($array, $glue, $finalGlue = '')
    {
        if ($finalGlue === '') {
            return implode($glue, $array);
        }

        if (count($array) === 0) {
            return '';
        }

        if (count($array) === 1) {
            return end($array);
        }

        $finalItem = array_pop($array);

        return implode($glue, $array).$finalGlue.$finalItem;
    }

    /**
     * Key an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable|array|string  $keyBy
     * @return array
     */
    public static function keyBy($array, $keyBy)
    {
        return Collection::make($array)->keyBy($keyBy)->all();
    }

    /**
     * Prepend the key names of an associative array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string  $prependWith
     * @return array
     */
    public static function prependKeysWith($array, $prependWith)
    {
        return static::mapWithKeys($array, fn ($item, $key) => [$prependWith.$key => $item]);
    }

    /**
     * Get a subset of the items from the given array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  array|string  $keys
     * @return array
     */
    public static function only($array, $keys)
    {
        return array_intersect_key($array, array_flip((array) $keys));
    }

    /**
     * Select an array of values from an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  array|string  $keys
     * @return array
     */
    public static function select($array, $keys)
    {
        $keys = static::wrap($keys);

        return static::map($array, function ($item) use ($keys) {
            $result = [];

            foreach ($keys as $key) {
                if (Arr::accessible($item) && Arr::exists($item, $key)) {
                    $result[$key] = $item[$key];
                } elseif (is_object($item) && isset($item->{$key})) {
                    $result[$key] = $item->{$key};
                }
            }

            return $result;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Pluck an array of values from an array.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @param  string|array|int|null  $value
     * @param  string|array|null  $key
     * @return array
     */
    public static function pluck($array, $value, $key = null)
    {
        $results = [];

        [$value, $key] = static::explodePluckParameters($value, $key);

        foreach ($array as $item) {
            $itemValue = data_get($item, $value);

            // If the key is "null", we will just append the value to the array and keep
            // looping. Otherwise we will key the array using the value of the key we
            // received from the developer. Then we'll return the final array form.
            if (is_null($key)) {
                $results[] = $itemValue;
            } else {
                $itemKey = data_get($item, $key);

                if (is_object($itemKey) && method_exists($itemKey, '__toString')) {
                    $itemKey = (string) $itemKey;
                }

                $results[$itemKey] = $itemValue;
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Explode the "value" and "key" arguments passed to "pluck".
     *
     * @param  string|array  $value
     * @param  string|array|null  $key
     * @return array
     */
    protected static function explodePluckParameters($value, $key)
    {
        $value = is_string($value) ? explode('.', $value) : $value;

        $key = is_null($key) || is_array($key) ? $key : explode('.', $key);

        return [$value, $key];
    }

    /**
     * Run a map over each of the items in the array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function map(array $array, callable $callback)
    {
        $keys = array_keys($array);

        try {
            $items = array_map($callback, $array, $keys);
        } catch (ArgumentCountError) {
            $items = array_map($callback, $array);
        }

        return array_combine($keys, $items);
    }

    /**
     * Run an associative map over each of the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TKey
     * @template TValue
     * @template TMapWithKeysKey of array-key
     * @template TMapWithKeysValue
     *
     * @param  array<TKey, TValue>  $array
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function mapWithKeys(array $array, callable $callback)
    {
        $result = [];

        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
            $assoc = $callback($value, $key);

            foreach ($assoc as $mapKey => $mapValue) {
                $result[$mapKey] = $mapValue;
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Run a map over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @template TKey
     * @template TValue
     *
     * @param  array<TKey, array>  $array
     * @param  callable(mixed...): TValue  $callback
     * @return array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public static function mapSpread(array $array, callable $callback)
    {
        return static::map($array, function ($chunk, $key) use ($callback) {
            $chunk[] = $key;

            return $callback(...$chunk);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Push an item onto the beginning of an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return array
     */
    public static function prepend($array, $value, $key = null)
    {
        if (func_num_args() == 2) {
            array_unshift($array, $value);
        } else {
            $array = [$key => $value] + $array;
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Get a value from the array, and remove it.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string|int  $key
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed
     */
    public static function pull(&$array, $key, $default = null)
    {
        $value = static::get($array, $key, $default);

        static::forget($array, $key);

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Convert the array into a query string.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return string
     */
    public static function query($array)
    {
        return http_build_query($array, '', '&', PHP_QUERY_RFC3986);
    }

    /**
     * Get one or a specified number of random values from an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  int|null  $number
     * @param  bool  $preserveKeys
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public static function random($array, $number = null, $preserveKeys = false)
    {
        $requested = is_null($number) ? 1 : $number;

        $count = count($array);

        if ($requested > $count) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
                "You requested {$requested} items, but there are only {$count} items available."
            );
        }

        if (empty($array) || (! is_null($number) && $number <= 0)) {
            return is_null($number) ? null : [];
        }

        $keys = (new Randomizer)->pickArrayKeys($array, $requested);

        if (is_null($number)) {
            return $array[$keys[0]];
        }

        $results = [];

        if ($preserveKeys) {
            foreach ($keys as $key) {
                $results[$key] = $array[$key];
            }
        } else {
            foreach ($keys as $key) {
                $results[] = $array[$key];
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Set an array item to a given value using "dot" notation.
     *
     * If no key is given to the method, the entire array will be replaced.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string|int|null  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return array
     */
    public static function set(&$array, $key, $value)
    {
        if (is_null($key)) {
            return $array = $value;
        }

        $keys = explode('.', $key);

        foreach ($keys as $i => $key) {
            if (count($keys) === 1) {
                break;
            }

            unset($keys[$i]);

            // If the key doesn't exist at this depth, we will just create an empty array
            // to hold the next value, allowing us to create the arrays to hold final
            // values at the correct depth. Then we'll keep digging into the array.
            if (! isset($array[$key]) || ! is_array($array[$key])) {
                $array[$key] = [];
            }

            $array = &$array[$key];
        }

        $array[array_shift($keys)] = $value;

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Shuffle the given array and return the result.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function shuffle($array)
    {
        return (new Randomizer)->shuffleArray($array);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the array using the given callback or "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable|array|string|null  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function sort($array, $callback = null)
    {
        return Collection::make($array)->sortBy($callback)->all();
    }

    /**
     * Sort the array in descending order using the given callback or "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable|array|string|null  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function sortDesc($array, $callback = null)
    {
        return Collection::make($array)->sortByDesc($callback)->all();
    }

    /**
     * Recursively sort an array by keys and values.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return array
     */
    public static function sortRecursive($array, $options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false)
    {
        foreach ($array as &$value) {
            if (is_array($value)) {
                $value = static::sortRecursive($value, $options, $descending);
            }
        }

        if (! array_is_list($array)) {
            $descending
                ? krsort($array, $options)
                : ksort($array, $options);
        } else {
            $descending
                ? rsort($array, $options)
                : sort($array, $options);
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Recursively sort an array by keys and values in descending order.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return array
     */
    public static function sortRecursiveDesc($array, $options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        return static::sortRecursive($array, $options, true);
    }

    /**
     * Conditionally compile classes from an array into a CSS class list.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return string
     */
    public static function toCssClasses($array)
    {
        $classList = static::wrap($array);

        $classes = [];

        foreach ($classList as $class => $constraint) {
            if (is_numeric($class)) {
                $classes[] = $constraint;
            } elseif ($constraint) {
                $classes[] = $class;
            }
        }

        return implode(' ', $classes);
    }

    /**
     * Conditionally compile styles from an array into a style list.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return string
     */
    public static function toCssStyles($array)
    {
        $styleList = static::wrap($array);

        $styles = [];

        foreach ($styleList as $class => $constraint) {
            if (is_numeric($class)) {
                $styles[] = Str::finish($constraint, ';');
            } elseif ($constraint) {
                $styles[] = Str::finish($class, ';');
            }
        }

        return implode(' ', $styles);
    }

    /**
     * Filter the array using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function where($array, callable $callback)
    {
        return array_filter($array, $callback, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items where the value is not null.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function whereNotNull($array)
    {
        return static::where($array, fn ($value) => ! is_null($value));
    }

    /**
     * If the given value is not an array and not null, wrap it in one.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return array
     */
    public static function wrap($value)
    {
        if (is_null($value)) {
            return [];
        }

        return is_array($value) ? $value : [$value];
    }
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Support;

interface Jsonable
{
    /**
     * Convert the object to its JSON representation.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return string
     */
    public function toJson($options = 0);
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Support;

/**
 * @template TKey of array-key
 * @template TValue
 */
interface Arrayable
{
    /**
     * Get the instance as an array.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function toArray();
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support\Traits;

use BadMethodCallException;
use ReflectionClass;
use ReflectionMethod;

trait Macroable
{
    /**
     * The registered string macros.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $macros = [];

    /**
     * Register a custom macro.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @param  object|callable  $macro
     *
     * @param-closure-this static  $macro
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public static function macro($name, $macro)
    {
        static::$macros[$name] = $macro;
    }

    /**
     * Mix another object into the class.
     *
     * @param  object  $mixin
     * @param  bool  $replace
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \ReflectionException
     */
    public static function mixin($mixin, $replace = true)
    {
        $methods = (new ReflectionClass($mixin))->getMethods(
            ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC | ReflectionMethod::IS_PROTECTED
        );

        foreach ($methods as $method) {
            if ($replace || ! static::hasMacro($method->name)) {
                static::macro($method->name, $method->invoke($mixin));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if macro is registered.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function hasMacro($name)
    {
        return isset(static::$macros[$name]);
    }

    /**
     * Flush the existing macros.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public static function flushMacros()
    {
        static::$macros = [];
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically handle calls to the class.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \BadMethodCallException
     */
    public static function __callStatic($method, $parameters)
    {
        if (! static::hasMacro($method)) {
            throw new BadMethodCallException(sprintf(
                'Method %s::%s does not exist.', static::class, $method
            ));
        }

        $macro = static::$macros[$method];

        if ($macro instanceof Closure) {
            $macro = $macro->bindTo(null, static::class);
        }

        return $macro(...$parameters);
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically handle calls to the class.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \BadMethodCallException
     */
    public function __call($method, $parameters)
    {
        if (! static::hasMacro($method)) {
            throw new BadMethodCallException(sprintf(
                'Method %s::%s does not exist.', static::class, $method
            ));
        }

        $macro = static::$macros[$method];

        if ($macro instanceof Closure) {
            $macro = $macro->bindTo($this, static::class);
        }

        return $macro(...$parameters);
    }
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support;

use CachingIterator;
use Countable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Jsonable;
use IteratorAggregate;
use JsonSerializable;
use \Traversable;

/**
 * @template TKey of array-key
 *
 * @template-covariant TValue
 *
 * @extends \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>
 * @extends \IteratorAggregate<TKey, TValue>
 */
interface Enumerable extends Arrayable, Countable, IteratorAggregate, Jsonable, JsonSerializable
{
    /**
     * Create a new collection instance if the value isn't one already.
     *
     * @template TMakeKey of array-key
     * @template TMakeValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>|iterable<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>|null  $items
     * @return static<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>
     */
    public static function make($items = []);

    /**
     * Create a new instance by invoking the callback a given amount of times.
     *
     * @param  int  $number
     * @param  callable|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public static function times($number, ?callable $callback = null);

    /**
     * Create a collection with the given range.
     *
     * @param  int  $from
     * @param  int  $to
     * @param  int  $step
     * @return static
     */
    public static function range($from, $to, $step = 1);

    /**
     * Wrap the given value in a collection if applicable.
     *
     * @template TWrapValue
     *
     * @param  iterable<array-key, TWrapValue>|TWrapValue  $value
     * @return static<array-key, TWrapValue>
     */
    public static function wrap($value);

    /**
     * Get the underlying items from the given collection if applicable.
     *
     * @template TUnwrapKey of array-key
     * @template TUnwrapValue
     *
     * @param  array<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>|static<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>  $value
     * @return array<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>
     */
    public static function unwrap($value);

    /**
     * Create a new instance with no items.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public static function empty();

    /**
     * Get all items in the enumerable.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function all();

    /**
     * Alias for the "avg" method.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): float|int)|string|null  $callback
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function average($callback = null);

    /**
     * Get the median of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>|null  $key
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function median($key = null);

    /**
     * Get the mode of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>|null  $key
     * @return array<int, float|int>|null
     */
    public function mode($key = null);

    /**
     * Collapse the items into a single enumerable.
     *
     * @return static<int, mixed>
     */
    public function collapse();

    /**
     * Alias for the "contains" method.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function some($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists, using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|TValue|array-key  $key
     * @param  TValue|null  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function containsStrict($key, $value = null);

    /**
     * Get the average value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): float|int)|string|null  $callback
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function avg($callback = null);

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists in the enumerable.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function contains($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Determine if an item is not contained in the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function doesntContain($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Cross join with the given lists, returning all possible permutations.
     *
     * @template TCrossJoinKey
     * @template TCrossJoinValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TCrossJoinKey, TCrossJoinValue>|iterable<TCrossJoinKey, TCrossJoinValue>  ...$lists
     * @return static<int, array<int, TValue|TCrossJoinValue>>
     */
    public function crossJoin(...$lists);

    /**
     * Dump the collection and end the script.
     *
     * @param  mixed  ...$args
     * @return never
     */
    public function dd(...$args);

    /**
     * Dump the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  ...$args
     * @return $this
     */
    public function dump(...$args);

    /**
     * Get the items that are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diff($items);

    /**
     * Get the items that are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Get the items whose keys and values are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffAssoc($items);

    /**
     * Get the items whose keys and values are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffAssocUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Get the items whose keys are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffKeys($items);

    /**
     * Get the items whose keys are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffKeysUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Retrieve duplicate items.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|string|null  $callback
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function duplicates($callback = null, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Retrieve duplicate items using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|string|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function duplicatesStrict($callback = null);

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each item.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): mixed  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function each(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function eachSpread(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Determine if all items pass the given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function every($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Get all items except for those with the specified keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function except($keys);

    /**
     * Run a filter over each of the items.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function filter(?callable $callback = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the given "value" is (or resolves to) truthy.
     *
     * @template TWhenReturnType as null
     *
     * @param  bool  $value
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenReturnType)|null  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenReturnType
     */
    public function when($value, ?callable $callback = null, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the collection is empty.
     *
     * @template TWhenEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenEmptyReturnType)  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function whenEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @template TWhenNotEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TWhenNotEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenNotEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenNotEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function whenNotEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the given "value" is (or resolves to) falsy.
     *
     * @template TUnlessReturnType
     *
     * @param  bool  $value
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessReturnType)  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessReturnType
     */
    public function unless($value, callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback unless the collection is empty.
     *
     * @template TUnlessEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TUnlessEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function unlessEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback unless the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @template TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function unlessNotEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function where($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Filter items where the value for the given key is null.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNull($key = null);

    /**
     * Filter items where the value for the given key is not null.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotNull($key = null);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereStrict($key, $value);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereIn($key, $values, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereInStrict($key, $values);

    /**
     * Filter items such that the value of the given key is between the given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereBetween($key, $values);

    /**
     * Filter items such that the value of the given key is not between the given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotBetween($key, $values);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotIn($key, $values, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotInStrict($key, $values);

    /**
     * Filter the items, removing any items that don't match the given type(s).
     *
     * @template TWhereInstanceOf
     *
     * @param  class-string<TWhereInstanceOf>|array<array-key, class-string<TWhereInstanceOf>>  $type
     * @return static<TKey, TWhereInstanceOf>
     */
    public function whereInstanceOf($type);

    /**
     * Get the first item from the enumerable passing the given truth test.
     *
     * @template TFirstDefault
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue,TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TFirstDefault|(\Closure(): TFirstDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TFirstDefault
     */
    public function first(?callable $callback = null, $default = null);

    /**
     * Get the first item by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function firstWhere($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Get a flattened array of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $depth
     * @return static
     */
    public function flatten($depth = INF);

    /**
     * Flip the values with their keys.
     *
     * @return static<TValue, TKey>
     */
    public function flip();

    /**
     * Get an item from the collection by key.
     *
     * @template TGetDefault
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @param  TGetDefault|(\Closure(): TGetDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TGetDefault
     */
    public function get($key, $default = null);

    /**
     * Group an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @template TGroupKey of array-key
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): TGroupKey)|array|string  $groupBy
     * @param  bool  $preserveKeys
     * @return static<($groupBy is string ? array-key : ($groupBy is array ? array-key : TGroupKey)), static<($preserveKeys is true ? TKey : int), TValue>>
     */
    public function groupBy($groupBy, $preserveKeys = false);

    /**
     * Key an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @template TNewKey of array-key
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): TNewKey)|array|string  $keyBy
     * @return static<($keyBy is string ? array-key : ($keyBy is array ? array-key : TNewKey)), TValue>
     */
    public function keyBy($keyBy);

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists in the collection by key.
     *
     * @param  TKey|array<array-key, TKey>  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function has($key);

    /**
     * Determine if any of the keys exist in the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAny($key);

    /**
     * Concatenate values of a given key as a string.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $value
     * @param  string|null  $glue
     * @return string
     */
    public function implode($value, $glue = null);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersect($items);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items with additional index check.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectAssoc($items);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items with additional index check, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectAssocUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items by key.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectByKeys($items);

    /**
     * Determine if the collection is empty or not.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isEmpty();

    /**
     * Determine if the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isNotEmpty();

    /**
     * Determine if the collection contains a single item.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function containsOneItem();

    /**
     * Join all items from the collection using a string. The final items can use a separate glue string.
     *
     * @param  string  $glue
     * @param  string  $finalGlue
     * @return string
     */
    public function join($glue, $finalGlue = '');

    /**
     * Get the keys of the collection items.
     *
     * @return static<int, TKey>
     */
    public function keys();

    /**
     * Get the last item from the collection.
     *
     * @template TLastDefault
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TLastDefault|(\Closure(): TLastDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TLastDefault
     */
    public function last(?callable $callback = null, $default = null);

    /**
     * Run a map over each of the items.
     *
     * @template TMapValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): TMapValue  $callback
     * @return static<TKey, TMapValue>
     */
    public function map(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Run a map over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function mapSpread(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Run a dictionary map over the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapToDictionaryKey of array-key
     * @template TMapToDictionaryValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapToDictionaryKey, TMapToDictionaryValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapToDictionaryKey, array<int, TMapToDictionaryValue>>
     */
    public function mapToDictionary(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Run a grouping map over the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapToGroupsKey of array-key
     * @template TMapToGroupsValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapToGroupsKey, TMapToGroupsValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapToGroupsKey, static<int, TMapToGroupsValue>>
     */
    public function mapToGroups(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Run an associative map over each of the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapWithKeysKey of array-key
     * @template TMapWithKeysValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>
     */
    public function mapWithKeys(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Map a collection and flatten the result by a single level.
     *
     * @template TFlatMapKey of array-key
     * @template TFlatMapValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): (\Illuminate\Support\Collection<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>|array<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>)  $callback
     * @return static<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>
     */
    public function flatMap(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Map the values into a new class.
     *
     * @template TMapIntoValue
     *
     * @param  class-string<TMapIntoValue>  $class
     * @return static<TKey, TMapIntoValue>
     */
    public function mapInto($class);

    /**
     * Merge the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function merge($items);

    /**
     * Recursively merge the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @template TMergeRecursiveValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TMergeRecursiveValue>|iterable<TKey, TMergeRecursiveValue>  $items
     * @return static<TKey, TValue|TMergeRecursiveValue>
     */
    public function mergeRecursive($items);

    /**
     * Create a collection by using this collection for keys and another for its values.
     *
     * @template TCombineValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TCombineValue>|iterable<array-key, TCombineValue>  $values
     * @return static<TValue, TCombineValue>
     */
    public function combine($values);

    /**
     * Union the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function union($items);

    /**
     * Get the min value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue):mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function min($callback = null);

    /**
     * Get the max value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue):mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function max($callback = null);

    /**
     * Create a new collection consisting of every n-th element.
     *
     * @param  int  $step
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @return static
     */
    public function nth($step, $offset = 0);

    /**
     * Get the items with the specified keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>|string  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function only($keys);

    /**
     * "Paginate" the collection by slicing it into a smaller collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $page
     * @param  int  $perPage
     * @return static
     */
    public function forPage($page, $perPage);

    /**
     * Partition the collection into two arrays using the given callback or key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static<int<0, 1>, static<TKey, TValue>>
     */
    public function partition($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Push all of the given items onto the collection.
     *
     * @template TConcatKey of array-key
     * @template TConcatValue
     *
     * @param  iterable<TConcatKey, TConcatValue>  $source
     * @return static<TKey|TConcatKey, TValue|TConcatValue>
     */
    public function concat($source);

    /**
     * Get one or a specified number of items randomly from the collection.
     *
     * @param  int|null  $number
     * @return static<int, TValue>|TValue
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function random($number = null);

    /**
     * Reduce the collection to a single value.
     *
     * @template TReduceInitial
     * @template TReduceReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable(TReduceInitial|TReduceReturnType, TValue, TKey): TReduceReturnType  $callback
     * @param  TReduceInitial  $initial
     * @return TReduceReturnType
     */
    public function reduce(callable $callback, $initial = null);

    /**
     * Reduce the collection to multiple aggregate values.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @param  mixed  ...$initial
     * @return array
     *
     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException
     */
    public function reduceSpread(callable $callback, ...$initial);

    /**
     * Replace the collection items with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function replace($items);

    /**
     * Recursively replace the collection items with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function replaceRecursive($items);

    /**
     * Reverse items order.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function reverse();

    /**
     * Search the collection for a given value and return the corresponding key if successful.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TKey|bool
     */
    public function search($value, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Get the item before the given item.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function before($value, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Get the item after the given item.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function after($value, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Shuffle the items in the collection.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function shuffle();

    /**
     * Create chunks representing a "sliding window" view of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @param  int  $step
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function sliding($size = 2, $step = 1);

    /**
     * Skip the first {$count} items.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return static
     */
    public function skip($count);

    /**
     * Skip items in the collection until the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function skipUntil($value);

    /**
     * Skip items in the collection while the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function skipWhile($value);

    /**
     * Get a slice of items from the enumerable.
     *
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @return static
     */
    public function slice($offset, $length = null);

    /**
     * Split a collection into a certain number of groups.
     *
     * @param  int  $numberOfGroups
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function split($numberOfGroups);

    /**
     * Get the first item in the collection, but only if exactly one item exists. Otherwise, throw an exception.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\MultipleItemsFoundException
     */
    public function sole($key = null, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Get the first item in the collection but throw an exception if no matching items exist.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException
     */
    public function firstOrFail($key = null, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Chunk the collection into chunks of the given size.
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function chunk($size);

    /**
     * Chunk the collection into chunks with a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey, static<int, TValue>): bool  $callback
     * @return static<int, static<int, TValue>>
     */
    public function chunkWhile(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Split a collection into a certain number of groups, and fill the first groups completely.
     *
     * @param  int  $numberOfGroups
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function splitIn($numberOfGroups);

    /**
     * Sort through each item with a callback.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TValue): int)|null|int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function sort($callback = null);

    /**
     * Sort items in descending order.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR);

    /**
     * Sort the collection using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $callback
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortBy($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false);

    /**
     * Sort the collection in descending order using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $callback
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortByDesc($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR);

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeys($options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false);

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys in descending order.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeysDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR);

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys using a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeysUsing(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Get the sum of the given values.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function sum($callback = null);

    /**
     * Take the first or last {$limit} items.
     *
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @return static
     */
    public function take($limit);

    /**
     * Take items in the collection until the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function takeUntil($value);

    /**
     * Take items in the collection while the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function takeWhile($value);

    /**
     * Pass the collection to the given callback and then return it.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue): mixed  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function tap(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Pass the enumerable to the given callback and return the result.
     *
     * @template TPipeReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TPipeReturnType  $callback
     * @return TPipeReturnType
     */
    public function pipe(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Pass the collection into a new class.
     *
     * @template TPipeIntoValue
     *
     * @param  class-string<TPipeIntoValue>  $class
     * @return TPipeIntoValue
     */
    public function pipeInto($class);

    /**
     * Pass the collection through a series of callable pipes and return the result.
     *
     * @param  array<callable>  $pipes
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function pipeThrough($pipes);

    /**
     * Get the values of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>  $value
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static<array-key, mixed>
     */
    public function pluck($value, $key = null);

    /**
     * Create a collection of all elements that do not pass a given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|bool|TValue  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function reject($callback = true);

    /**
     * Convert a flatten "dot" notation array into an expanded array.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function undot();

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function unique($key = null, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function uniqueStrict($key = null);

    /**
     * Reset the keys on the underlying array.
     *
     * @return static<int, TValue>
     */
    public function values();

    /**
     * Pad collection to the specified length with a value.
     *
     * @template TPadValue
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @param  TPadValue  $value
     * @return static<int, TValue|TPadValue>
     */
    public function pad($size, $value);

    /**
     * Get the values iterator.
     *
     * @return \Traversable<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function getIterator(): \Traversable;

    /**
     * Count the number of items in the collection.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function count(): int;

    /**
     * Count the number of items in the collection by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): array-key)|string|null  $countBy
     * @return static<array-key, int>
     */
    public function countBy($countBy = null);

    /**
     * Zip the collection together with one or more arrays.
     *
     * e.g. new Collection([1, 2, 3])->zip([4, 5, 6]);
     *      => [[1, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]]
     *
     * @template TZipValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TZipValue>|iterable<array-key, TZipValue>  ...$items
     * @return static<int, static<int, TValue|TZipValue>>
     */
    public function zip($items);

    /**
     * Collect the values into a collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function collect();

    /**
     * Get the collection of items as a plain array.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, mixed>
     */
    public function toArray();

    /**
     * Convert the object into something JSON serializable.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function jsonSerialize(): mixed;

    /**
     * Get the collection of items as JSON.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return string
     */
    public function toJson($options = 0);

    /**
     * Get a CachingIterator instance.
     *
     * @param  int  $flags
     * @return \CachingIterator
     */
    public function getCachingIterator($flags = CachingIterator::CALL_TOSTRING);

    /**
     * Convert the collection to its string representation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString();

    /**
     * Indicate that the model's string representation should be escaped when __toString is invoked.
     *
     * @param  bool  $escape
     * @return $this
     */
    public function escapeWhenCastingToString($escape = true);

    /**
     * Add a method to the list of proxied methods.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @return void
     */
    public static function proxy($method);

    /**
     * Dynamically access collection proxies.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function __get($key);
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support\Traits;

use BackedEnum;
use CachingIterator;
use Exception;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Jsonable;
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Illuminate\Support\Enumerable;
use Illuminate\Support\HigherOrderCollectionProxy;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use JsonSerializable;
use \Traversable;
use UnexpectedValueException;
use UnitEnum;
use WeakMap;

/**
 * @template TKey of array-key
 *
 * @template-covariant TValue
 *
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $average
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $avg
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $contains
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $doesntContain
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $each
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $every
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $filter
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $first
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $flatMap
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $groupBy
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $keyBy
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $map
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $max
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $min
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $partition
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $percentage
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $reject
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $skipUntil
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $skipWhile
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $some
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $sortBy
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $sortByDesc
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $sum
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $takeUntil
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $takeWhile
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $unique
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $unless
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $until
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $when
 */
trait EnumeratesValues
{
    use Conditionable;

    /**
     * Indicates that the object's string representation should be escaped when __toString is invoked.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $escapeWhenCastingToString = false;

    /**
     * The methods that can be proxied.
     *
     * @var array<int, string>
     */
    protected static $proxies = [
        'average',
        'avg',
        'contains',
        'doesntContain',
        'each',
        'every',
        'filter',
        'first',
        'flatMap',
        'groupBy',
        'keyBy',
        'map',
        'max',
        'min',
        'partition',
        'percentage',
        'reject',
        'skipUntil',
        'skipWhile',
        'some',
        'sortBy',
        'sortByDesc',
        'sum',
        'takeUntil',
        'takeWhile',
        'unique',
        'unless',
        'until',
        'when',
    ];

    /**
     * Create a new collection instance if the value isn't one already.
     *
     * @template TMakeKey of array-key
     * @template TMakeValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>|iterable<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>|null  $items
     * @return static<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>
     */
    public static function make($items = [])
    {
        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Wrap the given value in a collection if applicable.
     *
     * @template TWrapValue
     *
     * @param  iterable<array-key, TWrapValue>|TWrapValue  $value
     * @return static<array-key, TWrapValue>
     */
    public static function wrap($value)
    {
        return $value instanceof Enumerable
            ? new static($value)
            : new static(Arr::wrap($value));
    }

    /**
     * Get the underlying items from the given collection if applicable.
     *
     * @template TUnwrapKey of array-key
     * @template TUnwrapValue
     *
     * @param  array<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>|static<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>  $value
     * @return array<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>
     */
    public static function unwrap($value)
    {
        return $value instanceof Enumerable ? $value->all() : $value;
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance with no items.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public static function empty()
    {
        return new static([]);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new collection by invoking the callback a given amount of times.
     *
     * @template TTimesValue
     *
     * @param  int  $number
     * @param  (callable(int): TTimesValue)|null  $callback
     * @return static<int, TTimesValue>
     */
    public static function times($number, ?callable $callback = null)
    {
        if ($number < 1) {
            return new static;
        }

        return static::range(1, $number)
            ->unless($callback == null)
            ->map($callback);
    }

    /**
     * Get the average value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): float|int)|string|null  $callback
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function avg($callback = null)
    {
        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        $reduced = $this->reduce(static function (&$reduce, $value) use ($callback) {
            if (! is_null($resolved = $callback($value))) {
                $reduce[0] += $resolved;
                $reduce[1]++;
            }

            return $reduce;
        }, [0, 0]);

        return $reduced[1] ? $reduced[0] / $reduced[1] : null;
    }

    /**
     * Alias for the "avg" method.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): float|int)|string|null  $callback
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function average($callback = null)
    {
        return $this->avg($callback);
    }

    /**
     * Alias for the "contains" method.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function some($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return $this->contains(...func_get_args());
    }

    /**
     * Dump the given arguments and terminate execution.
     *
     * @param  mixed  ...$args
     * @return never
     */
    public function dd(...$args)
    {
        dd($this->all(), ...$args);
    }

    /**
     * Dump the items.
     *
     * @param  mixed  ...$args
     * @return $this
     */
    public function dump(...$args)
    {
        dump($this->all(), ...$args);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each item.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): mixed  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function each(callable $callback)
    {
        foreach ($this as $key => $item) {
            if ($callback($item, $key) === false) {
                break;
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @param  callable(...mixed): mixed  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function eachSpread(callable $callback)
    {
        return $this->each(function ($chunk, $key) use ($callback) {
            $chunk[] = $key;

            return $callback(...$chunk);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Determine if all items pass the given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function every($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            $callback = $this->valueRetriever($key);

            foreach ($this as $k => $v) {
                if (! $callback($v, $k)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            return true;
        }

        return $this->every($this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args()));
    }

    /**
     * Get the first item by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function firstWhere($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return $this->first($this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args()));
    }

    /**
     * Get a single key's value from the first matching item in the collection.
     *
     * @template TValueDefault
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  TValueDefault|(\Closure(): TValueDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TValueDefault
     */
    public function value($key, $default = null)
    {
        if ($value = $this->firstWhere($key)) {
            return data_get($value, $key, $default);
        }

        return value($default);
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that every item in the collection is of the expected type.
     *
     * @template TEnsureOfType
     *
     * @param  class-string<TEnsureOfType>|array<array-key, class-string<TEnsureOfType>>  $type
     * @return static<TKey, TEnsureOfType>
     *
     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException
     */
    public function ensure($type)
    {
        $allowedTypes = is_array($type) ? $type : [$type];

        return $this->each(function ($item, $index) use ($allowedTypes) {
            $itemType = get_debug_type($item);

            foreach ($allowedTypes as $allowedType) {
                if ($itemType === $allowedType || $item instanceof $allowedType) {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            throw new UnexpectedValueException(
                sprintf("Collection should only include [%s] items, but '%s' found at position %d.", implode(', ', $allowedTypes), $itemType, $index)
            );
        });
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @phpstan-assert-if-true TValue $this->first()
     * @phpstan-assert-if-true TValue $this->last()
     *
     * @phpstan-assert-if-false null $this->first()
     * @phpstan-assert-if-false null $this->last()
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isNotEmpty()
    {
        return ! $this->isEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * Run a map over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @template TMapSpreadValue
     *
     * @param  callable(mixed...): TMapSpreadValue  $callback
     * @return static<TKey, TMapSpreadValue>
     */
    public function mapSpread(callable $callback)
    {
        return $this->map(function ($chunk, $key) use ($callback) {
            $chunk[] = $key;

            return $callback(...$chunk);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Run a grouping map over the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapToGroupsKey of array-key
     * @template TMapToGroupsValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapToGroupsKey, TMapToGroupsValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapToGroupsKey, static<int, TMapToGroupsValue>>
     */
    public function mapToGroups(callable $callback)
    {
        $groups = $this->mapToDictionary($callback);

        return $groups->map([$this, 'make']);
    }

    /**
     * Map a collection and flatten the result by a single level.
     *
     * @template TFlatMapKey of array-key
     * @template TFlatMapValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): (\Illuminate\Support\Collection<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>|array<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>)  $callback
     * @return static<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>
     */
    public function flatMap(callable $callback)
    {
        return $this->map($callback)->collapse();
    }

    /**
     * Map the values into a new class.
     *
     * @template TMapIntoValue
     *
     * @param  class-string<TMapIntoValue>  $class
     * @return static<TKey, TMapIntoValue>
     */
    public function mapInto($class)
    {
        if (is_subclass_of($class, BackedEnum::class)) {
            return $this->map(fn ($value, $key) => $class::from($value));
        }

        return $this->map(fn ($value, $key) => new $class($value, $key));
    }

    /**
     * Get the min value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue):mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function min($callback = null)
    {
        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        return $this->map(fn ($value) => $callback($value))
            ->filter(fn ($value) => ! is_null($value))
            ->reduce(fn ($result, $value) => is_null($result) || $value < $result ? $value : $result);
    }

    /**
     * Get the max value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue):mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function max($callback = null)
    {
        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        return $this->filter(fn ($value) => ! is_null($value))->reduce(function ($result, $item) use ($callback) {
            $value = $callback($item);

            return is_null($result) || $value > $result ? $value : $result;
        });
    }

    /**
     * "Paginate" the collection by slicing it into a smaller collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $page
     * @param  int  $perPage
     * @return static
     */
    public function forPage($page, $perPage)
    {
        $offset = max(0, ($page - 1) * $perPage);

        return $this->slice($offset, $perPage);
    }

    /**
     * Partition the collection into two arrays using the given callback or key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  TValue|string|null  $operator
     * @param  TValue|null  $value
     * @return static<int<0, 1>, static<TKey, TValue>>
     */
    public function partition($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        $passed = [];
        $failed = [];

        $callback = func_num_args() === 1
            ? $this->valueRetriever($key)
            : $this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args());

        foreach ($this as $key => $item) {
            if ($callback($item, $key)) {
                $passed[$key] = $item;
            } else {
                $failed[$key] = $item;
            }
        }

        return new static([new static($passed), new static($failed)]);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the percentage of items that pass a given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)  $callback
     * @param  int  $precision
     * @return float|null
     */
    public function percentage(callable $callback, int $precision = 2)
    {
        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        return round(
            $this->filter($callback)->count() / $this->count() * 100,
            $precision
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get the sum of the given values.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function sum($callback = null)
    {
        $callback = is_null($callback)
            ? $this->identity()
            : $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        return $this->reduce(fn ($result, $item) => $result + $callback($item), 0);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the collection is empty.
     *
     * @template TWhenEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenEmptyReturnType)  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function whenEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        return $this->when($this->isEmpty(), $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @template TWhenNotEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TWhenNotEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenNotEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenNotEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function whenNotEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        return $this->when($this->isNotEmpty(), $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback unless the collection is empty.
     *
     * @template TUnlessEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TUnlessEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function unlessEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        return $this->whenNotEmpty($callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback unless the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @template TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function unlessNotEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        return $this->whenEmpty($callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function where($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return $this->filter($this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args()));
    }

    /**
     * Filter items where the value for the given key is null.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNull($key = null)
    {
        return $this->whereStrict($key, null);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items where the value for the given key is not null.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotNull($key = null)
    {
        return $this->where($key, '!==', null);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereStrict($key, $value)
    {
        return $this->where($key, '===', $value);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereIn($key, $values, $strict = false)
    {
        $values = $this->getArrayableItems($values);

        return $this->filter(fn ($item) => in_array(data_get($item, $key), $values, $strict));
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereInStrict($key, $values)
    {
        return $this->whereIn($key, $values, true);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items such that the value of the given key is between the given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereBetween($key, $values)
    {
        return $this->where($key, '>=', reset($values))->where($key, '<=', end($values));
    }

    /**
     * Filter items such that the value of the given key is not between the given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotBetween($key, $values)
    {
        return $this->filter(
            fn ($item) => data_get($item, $key) < reset($values) || data_get($item, $key) > end($values)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotIn($key, $values, $strict = false)
    {
        $values = $this->getArrayableItems($values);

        return $this->reject(fn ($item) => in_array(data_get($item, $key), $values, $strict));
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotInStrict($key, $values)
    {
        return $this->whereNotIn($key, $values, true);
    }

    /**
     * Filter the items, removing any items that don't match the given type(s).
     *
     * @template TWhereInstanceOf
     *
     * @param  class-string<TWhereInstanceOf>|array<array-key, class-string<TWhereInstanceOf>>  $type
     * @return static<TKey, TWhereInstanceOf>
     */
    public function whereInstanceOf($type)
    {
        return $this->filter(function ($value) use ($type) {
            if (is_array($type)) {
                foreach ($type as $classType) {
                    if ($value instanceof $classType) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }

                return false;
            }

            return $value instanceof $type;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Pass the collection to the given callback and return the result.
     *
     * @template TPipeReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TPipeReturnType  $callback
     * @return TPipeReturnType
     */
    public function pipe(callable $callback)
    {
        return $callback($this);
    }

    /**
     * Pass the collection into a new class.
     *
     * @template TPipeIntoValue
     *
     * @param  class-string<TPipeIntoValue>  $class
     * @return TPipeIntoValue
     */
    public function pipeInto($class)
    {
        return new $class($this);
    }

    /**
     * Pass the collection through a series of callable pipes and return the result.
     *
     * @param  array<callable>  $callbacks
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function pipeThrough($callbacks)
    {
        return Collection::make($callbacks)->reduce(
            fn ($carry, $callback) => $callback($carry),
            $this,
        );
    }

    /**
     * Reduce the collection to a single value.
     *
     * @template TReduceInitial
     * @template TReduceReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable(TReduceInitial|TReduceReturnType, TValue, TKey): TReduceReturnType  $callback
     * @param  TReduceInitial  $initial
     * @return TReduceReturnType
     */
    public function reduce(callable $callback, $initial = null)
    {
        $result = $initial;

        foreach ($this as $key => $value) {
            $result = $callback($result, $value, $key);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Reduce the collection to multiple aggregate values.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @param  mixed  ...$initial
     * @return array
     *
     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException
     */
    public function reduceSpread(callable $callback, ...$initial)
    {
        $result = $initial;

        foreach ($this as $key => $value) {
            $result = call_user_func_array($callback, array_merge($result, [$value, $key]));

            if (! is_array($result)) {
                throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
                    "%s::reduceSpread expects reducer to return an array, but got a '%s' instead.",
                    class_basename(static::class), gettype($result)
                ));
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Reduce an associative collection to a single value.
     *
     * @template TReduceWithKeysInitial
     * @template TReduceWithKeysReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable(TReduceWithKeysInitial|TReduceWithKeysReturnType, TValue, TKey): TReduceWithKeysReturnType  $callback
     * @param  TReduceWithKeysInitial  $initial
     * @return TReduceWithKeysReturnType
     */
    public function reduceWithKeys(callable $callback, $initial = null)
    {
        return $this->reduce($callback, $initial);
    }

    /**
     * Create a collection of all elements that do not pass a given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|bool|TValue  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function reject($callback = true)
    {
        $useAsCallable = $this->useAsCallable($callback);

        return $this->filter(function ($value, $key) use ($callback, $useAsCallable) {
            return $useAsCallable
                ? ! $callback($value, $key)
                : $value != $callback;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Pass the collection to the given callback and then return it.
     *
     * @param  callable($this): mixed  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function tap(callable $callback)
    {
        $callback($this);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function unique($key = null, $strict = false)
    {
        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($key);

        $exists = [];

        return $this->reject(function ($item, $key) use ($callback, $strict, &$exists) {
            if (in_array($id = $callback($item, $key), $exists, $strict)) {
                return true;
            }

            $exists[] = $id;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function uniqueStrict($key = null)
    {
        return $this->unique($key, true);
    }

    /**
     * Collect the values into a collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function collect()
    {
        return new Collection($this->all());
    }

    /**
     * Get the collection of items as a plain array.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, mixed>
     */
    public function toArray()
    {
        return $this->map(fn ($value) => $value instanceof Arrayable ? $value->toArray() : $value)->all();
    }

    /**
     * Convert the object into something JSON serializable.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, mixed>
     */
    public function jsonSerialize(): array
    {
        return array_map(function ($value) {
            if ($value instanceof JsonSerializable) {
                return $value->jsonSerialize();
            } elseif ($value instanceof Jsonable) {
                return json_decode($value->toJson(), true);
            } elseif ($value instanceof Arrayable) {
                return $value->toArray();
            }

            return $value;
        }, $this->all());
    }

    /**
     * Get the collection of items as JSON.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return string
     */
    public function toJson($options = 0)
    {
        return json_encode($this->jsonSerialize(), $options);
    }

    /**
     * Get a CachingIterator instance.
     *
     * @param  int  $flags
     * @return \CachingIterator
     */
    public function getCachingIterator($flags = CachingIterator::CALL_TOSTRING)
    {
        return new CachingIterator($this->getIterator(), $flags);
    }

    /**
     * Convert the collection to its string representation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        return $this->escapeWhenCastingToString
            ? e($this->toJson())
            : $this->toJson();
    }

    /**
     * Indicate that the model's string representation should be escaped when __toString is invoked.
     *
     * @param  bool  $escape
     * @return $this
     */
    public function escapeWhenCastingToString($escape = true)
    {
        $this->escapeWhenCastingToString = $escape;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Add a method to the list of proxied methods.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @return void
     */
    public static function proxy($method)
    {
        static::$proxies[] = $method;
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically access collection proxies.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function __get($key)
    {
        if (! in_array($key, static::$proxies)) {
            throw new Exception("Property [{$key}] does not exist on this collection instance.");
        }

        return new HigherOrderCollectionProxy($this, $key);
    }

    /**
     * Results array of items from Collection or Arrayable.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $items
     * @return array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    protected function getArrayableItems($items)
    {
        if (is_array($items)) {
            return $items;
        }

        return match (true) {
            $items instanceof WeakMap => throw new InvalidArgumentException('Collections can not be created using instances of WeakMap.'),
            $items instanceof Enumerable => $items->all(),
            $items instanceof Arrayable => $items->toArray(),
            $items instanceof \Traversable => iterator_to_array($items),
            $items instanceof Jsonable => json_decode($items->toJson(), true),
            $items instanceof JsonSerializable => (array) $items->jsonSerialize(),
            $items instanceof UnitEnum => [$items],
            default => (array) $items,
        };
    }

    /**
     * Get an operator checker callback.
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $key
     * @param  string|null  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function operatorForWhere($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        if ($this->useAsCallable($key)) {
            return $key;
        }

        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            $value = true;

            $operator = '=';
        }

        if (func_num_args() === 2) {
            $value = $operator;

            $operator = '=';
        }

        return function ($item) use ($key, $operator, $value) {
            $retrieved = data_get($item, $key);

            $strings = array_filter([$retrieved, $value], function ($value) {
                return is_string($value) || (is_object($value) && method_exists($value, '__toString'));
            });

            if (count($strings) < 2 && count(array_filter([$retrieved, $value], 'is_object')) == 1) {
                return in_array($operator, ['!=', '<>', '!==']);
            }

            switch ($operator) {
                default:
                case '=':
                case '==':  return $retrieved == $value;
                case '!=':
                case '<>':  return $retrieved != $value;
                case '<':   return $retrieved < $value;
                case '>':   return $retrieved > $value;
                case '<=':  return $retrieved <= $value;
                case '>=':  return $retrieved >= $value;
                case '===': return $retrieved === $value;
                case '!==': return $retrieved !== $value;
                case '<=>': return $retrieved <=> $value;
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given value is callable, but not a string.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function useAsCallable($value)
    {
        return ! is_string($value) && is_callable($value);
    }

    /**
     * Get a value retrieving callback.
     *
     * @param  callable|string|null  $value
     * @return callable
     */
    protected function valueRetriever($value)
    {
        if ($this->useAsCallable($value)) {
            return $value;
        }

        return fn ($item) => data_get($item, $value);
    }

    /**
     * Make a function to check an item's equality.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return \Closure(mixed): bool
     */
    protected function equality($value)
    {
        return fn ($item) => $item === $value;
    }

    /**
     * Make a function using another function, by negating its result.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function negate(Closure $callback)
    {
        return fn (...$params) => ! $callback(...$params);
    }

    /**
     * Make a function that returns what's passed to it.
     *
     * @return \Closure(TValue): TValue
     */
    protected function identity()
    {
        return fn ($value) => $value;
    }
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support;

use ArrayIterator;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\CanBeEscapedWhenCastToString;
use Illuminate\Support\Traits\EnumeratesValues;
use stdClass;

/**
 * @template TKey of array-key
 *
 * @template-covariant TValue
 *
 * @implements \ArrayAccess<TKey, TValue>
 * @implements \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<TKey, TValue>
 */
class Collection implements \ArrayAccess, CanBeEscapedWhenCastToString, Enumerable
{
    /**
     * @use \Illuminate\Support\Traits\EnumeratesValues<TKey, TValue>
     */
    use EnumeratesValues, Traits\Macroable;

    /**
     * The items contained in the collection.
     *
     * @var array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    protected $items = [];

    /**
     * Create a new collection.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>|null  $items
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct($items = [])
    {
        $this->items = $this->getArrayableItems($items);
    }

    /**
     * Create a collection with the given range.
     *
     * @param  int  $from
     * @param  int  $to
     * @param  int  $step
     * @return static<int, int>
     */
    public static function range($from, $to, $step = 1)
    {
        return new static(range($from, $to, $step));
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function all()
    {
        return $this->items;
    }

    /**
     * Get a lazy collection for the items in this collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\LazyCollection<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function lazy()
    {
        return new LazyCollection($this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Get the median of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>|null  $key
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function median($key = null)
    {
        $values = (isset($key) ? $this->pluck($key) : $this)
            ->filter(fn ($item) => ! is_null($item))
            ->sort()->values();

        $count = $values->count();

        if ($count === 0) {
            return;
        }

        $middle = (int) ($count / 2);

        if ($count % 2) {
            return $values->get($middle);
        }

        return (new static([
            $values->get($middle - 1), $values->get($middle),
        ]))->average();
    }

    /**
     * Get the mode of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>|null  $key
     * @return array<int, float|int>|null
     */
    public function mode($key = null)
    {
        if ($this->count() === 0) {
            return;
        }

        $collection = isset($key) ? $this->pluck($key) : $this;

        $counts = new static;

        $collection->each(fn ($value) => $counts[$value] = isset($counts[$value]) ? $counts[$value] + 1 : 1);

        $sorted = $counts->sort();

        $highestValue = $sorted->last();

        return $sorted->filter(fn ($value) => $value == $highestValue)
            ->sort()->keys()->all();
    }

    /**
     * Collapse the collection of items into a single array.
     *
     * @return static<int, mixed>
     */
    public function collapse()
    {
        return new static(Arr::collapse($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Collapse the collection of items into a single array while preserving its keys.
     *
     * @return static<mixed, mixed>
     */
    public function collapseWithKeys()
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $values) {
            if ($values instanceof Collection) {
                $values = $values->all();
            } elseif (! is_array($values)) {
                continue;
            }

            $results[$key] = $values;
        }

        return new static(array_replace(...$results));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists in the collection.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function contains($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            if ($this->useAsCallable($key)) {
                $placeholder = new stdClass;

                return $this->first($key, $placeholder) !== $placeholder;
            }

            return in_array($key, $this->items);
        }

        return $this->contains($this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args()));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists, using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|TValue|array-key  $key
     * @param  TValue|null  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function containsStrict($key, $value = null)
    {
        if (func_num_args() === 2) {
            return $this->contains(fn ($item) => data_get($item, $key) === $value);
        }

        if ($this->useAsCallable($key)) {
            return ! is_null($this->first($key));
        }

        return in_array($key, $this->items, true);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item is not contained in the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function doesntContain($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return ! $this->contains(...func_get_args());
    }

    /**
     * Cross join with the given lists, returning all possible permutations.
     *
     * @template TCrossJoinKey
     * @template TCrossJoinValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TCrossJoinKey, TCrossJoinValue>|iterable<TCrossJoinKey, TCrossJoinValue>  ...$lists
     * @return static<int, array<int, TValue|TCrossJoinValue>>
     */
    public function crossJoin(...$lists)
    {
        return new static(Arr::crossJoin(
            $this->items, ...array_map([$this, 'getArrayableItems'], $lists)
        ));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection that are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diff($items)
    {
        return new static(array_diff($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection that are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_udiff($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection whose keys and values are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffAssoc($items)
    {
        return new static(array_diff_assoc($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection whose keys and values are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffAssocUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_diff_uassoc($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection whose keys are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffKeys($items)
    {
        return new static(array_diff_key($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection whose keys are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffKeysUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_diff_ukey($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve duplicate items from the collection.
     *
     * @template TMapValue
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): TMapValue)|string|null  $callback
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function duplicates($callback = null, $strict = false)
    {
        $items = $this->map($this->valueRetriever($callback));

        $uniqueItems = $items->unique(null, $strict);

        $compare = $this->duplicateComparator($strict);

        $duplicates = new static;

        foreach ($items as $key => $value) {
            if ($uniqueItems->isNotEmpty() && $compare($value, $uniqueItems->first())) {
                $uniqueItems->shift();
            } else {
                $duplicates[$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        return $duplicates;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve duplicate items from the collection using strict comparison.
     *
     * @template TMapValue
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): TMapValue)|string|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function duplicatesStrict($callback = null)
    {
        return $this->duplicates($callback, true);
    }

    /**
     * Get the comparison function to detect duplicates.
     *
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return callable(TValue, TValue): bool
     */
    protected function duplicateComparator($strict)
    {
        if ($strict) {
            return fn ($a, $b) => $a === $b;
        }

        return fn ($a, $b) => $a == $b;
    }

    /**
     * Get all items except for those with the specified keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>|string  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function except($keys)
    {
        if (is_null($keys)) {
            return new static($this->items);
        }

        if ($keys instanceof Enumerable) {
            $keys = $keys->all();
        } elseif (! is_array($keys)) {
            $keys = func_get_args();
        }

        return new static(Arr::except($this->items, $keys));
    }

    /**
     * Run a filter over each of the items.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function filter(?callable $callback = null)
    {
        if ($callback) {
            return new static(Arr::where($this->items, $callback));
        }

        return new static(array_filter($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Get the first item from the collection passing the given truth test.
     *
     * @template TFirstDefault
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TFirstDefault|(\Closure(): TFirstDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TFirstDefault
     */
    public function first(?callable $callback = null, $default = null)
    {
        return Arr::first($this->items, $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Get a flattened array of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $depth
     * @return static<int, mixed>
     */
    public function flatten($depth = INF)
    {
        return new static(Arr::flatten($this->items, $depth));
    }

    /**
     * Flip the items in the collection.
     *
     * @return static<TValue, TKey>
     */
    public function flip()
    {
        return new static(array_flip($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Remove an item from the collection by key.
     *
     * \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TKey>|TKey  $keys
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    public function forget($keys)
    {
        foreach ($this->getArrayableItems($keys) as $key) {
            $this->offsetUnset($key);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get an item from the collection by key.
     *
     * @template TGetDefault
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @param  TGetDefault|(\Closure(): TGetDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TGetDefault
     */
    public function get($key, $default = null)
    {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $this->items)) {
            return $this->items[$key];
        }

        return value($default);
    }

    /**
     * Get an item from the collection by key or add it to collection if it does not exist.
     *
     * @template TGetOrPutValue
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @param  TGetOrPutValue|(\Closure(): TGetOrPutValue)  $value
     * @return TValue|TGetOrPutValue
     */
    public function getOrPut($key, $value)
    {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $this->items)) {
            return $this->items[$key];
        }

        $this->offsetSet($key, $value = value($value));

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Group an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @template TGroupKey of array-key
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): TGroupKey)|array|string  $groupBy
     * @param  bool  $preserveKeys
     * @return static<($groupBy is string ? array-key : ($groupBy is array ? array-key : TGroupKey)), static<($preserveKeys is true ? TKey : int), TValue>>
     */
    public function groupBy($groupBy, $preserveKeys = false)
    {
        if (! $this->useAsCallable($groupBy) && is_array($groupBy)) {
            $nextGroups = $groupBy;

            $groupBy = array_shift($nextGroups);
        }

        $groupBy = $this->valueRetriever($groupBy);

        $results = [];

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $value) {
            $groupKeys = $groupBy($value, $key);

            if (! is_array($groupKeys)) {
                $groupKeys = [$groupKeys];
            }

            foreach ($groupKeys as $groupKey) {
                $groupKey = match (true) {
                    is_bool($groupKey) => (int) $groupKey,
                    $groupKey instanceof \BackedEnum => $groupKey->value,
                    $groupKey instanceof \Stringable => (string) $groupKey,
                    default => $groupKey,
                };

                if (! array_key_exists($groupKey, $results)) {
                    $results[$groupKey] = new static;
                }

                $results[$groupKey]->offsetSet($preserveKeys ? $key : null, $value);
            }
        }

        $result = new static($results);

        if (! empty($nextGroups)) {
            return $result->map->groupBy($nextGroups, $preserveKeys);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Key an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @template TNewKey of array-key
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): TNewKey)|array|string  $keyBy
     * @return static<($keyBy is string ? array-key : ($keyBy is array ? array-key : TNewKey)), TValue>
     */
    public function keyBy($keyBy)
    {
        $keyBy = $this->valueRetriever($keyBy);

        $results = [];

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $item) {
            $resolvedKey = $keyBy($item, $key);

            if (is_object($resolvedKey)) {
                $resolvedKey = (string) $resolvedKey;
            }

            $results[$resolvedKey] = $item;
        }

        return new static($results);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists in the collection by key.
     *
     * @param  TKey|array<array-key, TKey>  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function has($key)
    {
        $keys = is_array($key) ? $key : func_get_args();

        foreach ($keys as $value) {
            if (! array_key_exists($value, $this->items)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if any of the keys exist in the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAny($key)
    {
        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return false;
        }

        $keys = is_array($key) ? $key : func_get_args();

        foreach ($keys as $value) {
            if ($this->has($value)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Concatenate values of a given key as a string.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $value
     * @param  string|null  $glue
     * @return string
     */
    public function implode($value, $glue = null)
    {
        if ($this->useAsCallable($value)) {
            return implode($glue ?? '', $this->map($value)->all());
        }

        $first = $this->first();

        if (is_array($first) || (is_object($first) && ! $first instanceof Stringable)) {
            return implode($glue ?? '', $this->pluck($value)->all());
        }

        return implode($value ?? '', $this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersect($items)
    {
        return new static(array_intersect($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_uintersect($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items with additional index check.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectAssoc($items)
    {
        return new static(array_intersect_assoc($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items with additional index check, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectAssocUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_intersect_uassoc($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items by key.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectByKeys($items)
    {
        return new static(array_intersect_key(
            $this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)
        ));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the collection is empty or not.
     *
     * @phpstan-assert-if-true null $this->first()
     * @phpstan-assert-if-true null $this->last()
     *
     * @phpstan-assert-if-false TValue $this->first()
     * @phpstan-assert-if-false TValue $this->last()
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isEmpty()
    {
        return empty($this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the collection contains a single item.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function containsOneItem()
    {
        return $this->count() === 1;
    }

    /**
     * Join all items from the collection using a string. The final items can use a separate glue string.
     *
     * @param  string  $glue
     * @param  string  $finalGlue
     * @return string
     */
    public function join($glue, $finalGlue = '')
    {
        if ($finalGlue === '') {
            return $this->implode($glue);
        }

        $count = $this->count();

        if ($count === 0) {
            return '';
        }

        if ($count === 1) {
            return $this->last();
        }

        $collection = new static($this->items);

        $finalItem = $collection->pop();

        return $collection->implode($glue).$finalGlue.$finalItem;
    }

    /**
     * Get the keys of the collection items.
     *
     * @return static<int, TKey>
     */
    public function keys()
    {
        return new static(array_keys($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Get the last item from the collection.
     *
     * @template TLastDefault
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TLastDefault|(\Closure(): TLastDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TLastDefault
     */
    public function last(?callable $callback = null, $default = null)
    {
        return Arr::last($this->items, $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Get the values of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|int|array<array-key, string>|null  $value
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static<array-key, mixed>
     */
    public function pluck($value, $key = null)
    {
        return new static(Arr::pluck($this->items, $value, $key));
    }

    /**
     * Run a map over each of the items.
     *
     * @template TMapValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): TMapValue  $callback
     * @return static<TKey, TMapValue>
     */
    public function map(callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(Arr::map($this->items, $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Run a dictionary map over the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapToDictionaryKey of array-key
     * @template TMapToDictionaryValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapToDictionaryKey, TMapToDictionaryValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapToDictionaryKey, array<int, TMapToDictionaryValue>>
     */
    public function mapToDictionary(callable $callback)
    {
        $dictionary = [];

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $item) {
            $pair = $callback($item, $key);

            $key = key($pair);

            $value = reset($pair);

            if (! isset($dictionary[$key])) {
                $dictionary[$key] = [];
            }

            $dictionary[$key][] = $value;
        }

        return new static($dictionary);
    }

    /**
     * Run an associative map over each of the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapWithKeysKey of array-key
     * @template TMapWithKeysValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>
     */
    public function mapWithKeys(callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(Arr::mapWithKeys($this->items, $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Merge the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function merge($items)
    {
        return new static(array_merge($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Recursively merge the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @template TMergeRecursiveValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TMergeRecursiveValue>|iterable<TKey, TMergeRecursiveValue>  $items
     * @return static<TKey, TValue|TMergeRecursiveValue>
     */
    public function mergeRecursive($items)
    {
        return new static(array_merge_recursive($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Multiply the items in the collection by the multiplier.
     *
     * @param  int  $multiplier
     * @return static
     */
    public function multiply(int $multiplier)
    {
        $new = new static;

        for ($i = 0; $i < $multiplier; $i++) {
            $new->push(...$this->items);
        }

        return $new;
    }

    /**
     * Create a collection by using this collection for keys and another for its values.
     *
     * @template TCombineValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TCombineValue>|iterable<array-key, TCombineValue>  $values
     * @return static<TValue, TCombineValue>
     */
    public function combine($values)
    {
        return new static(array_combine($this->all(), $this->getArrayableItems($values)));
    }

    /**
     * Union the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function union($items)
    {
        return new static($this->items + $this->getArrayableItems($items));
    }

    /**
     * Create a new collection consisting of every n-th element.
     *
     * @param  int  $step
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @return static
     */
    public function nth($step, $offset = 0)
    {
        $new = [];

        $position = 0;

        foreach ($this->slice($offset)->items as $item) {
            if ($position % $step === 0) {
                $new[] = $item;
            }

            $position++;
        }

        return new static($new);
    }

    /**
     * Get the items with the specified keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>|string|null  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function only($keys)
    {
        if (is_null($keys)) {
            return new static($this->items);
        }

        if ($keys instanceof Enumerable) {
            $keys = $keys->all();
        }

        $keys = is_array($keys) ? $keys : func_get_args();

        return new static(Arr::only($this->items, $keys));
    }

    /**
     * Select specific values from the items within the collection.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>|string|null  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function select($keys)
    {
        if (is_null($keys)) {
            return new static($this->items);
        }

        if ($keys instanceof Enumerable) {
            $keys = $keys->all();
        }

        $keys = is_array($keys) ? $keys : func_get_args();

        return new static(Arr::select($this->items, $keys));
    }

    /**
     * Get and remove the last N items from the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return static<int, TValue>|TValue|null
     */
    public function pop($count = 1)
    {
        if ($count === 1) {
            return array_pop($this->items);
        }

        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return new static;
        }

        $results = [];

        $collectionCount = $this->count();

        foreach (range(1, min($count, $collectionCount)) as $item) {
            array_push($results, array_pop($this->items));
        }

        return new static($results);
    }

    /**
     * Push an item onto the beginning of the collection.
     *
     * @param  TValue  $value
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @return $this
     */
    public function prepend($value, $key = null)
    {
        $this->items = Arr::prepend($this->items, ...func_get_args());

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Push one or more items onto the end of the collection.
     *
     * @param  TValue  ...$values
     * @return $this
     */
    public function push(...$values)
    {
        foreach ($values as $value) {
            $this->items[] = $value;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Prepend one or more items to the beginning of the collection.
     *
     * @param  TValue  ...$values
     * @return $this
     */
    public function unshift(...$values)
    {
        array_unshift($this->items, ...$values);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Push all of the given items onto the collection.
     *
     * @template TConcatKey of array-key
     * @template TConcatValue
     *
     * @param  iterable<TConcatKey, TConcatValue>  $source
     * @return static<TKey|TConcatKey, TValue|TConcatValue>
     */
    public function concat($source)
    {
        $result = new static($this);

        foreach ($source as $item) {
            $result->push($item);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Get and remove an item from the collection.
     *
     * @template TPullDefault
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @param  TPullDefault|(\Closure(): TPullDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TPullDefault
     */
    public function pull($key, $default = null)
    {
        return Arr::pull($this->items, $key, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Put an item in the collection by key.
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @param  TValue  $value
     * @return $this
     */
    public function put($key, $value)
    {
        $this->offsetSet($key, $value);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get one or a specified number of items randomly from the collection.
     *
     * @param  (callable(self<TKey, TValue>): int)|int|null  $number
     * @param  bool  $preserveKeys
     * @return static<int, TValue>|TValue
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function random($number = null, $preserveKeys = false)
    {
        if (is_null($number)) {
            return Arr::random($this->items);
        }

        if (is_callable($number)) {
            return new static(Arr::random($this->items, $number($this), $preserveKeys));
        }

        return new static(Arr::random($this->items, $number, $preserveKeys));
    }

    /**
     * Replace the collection items with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function replace($items)
    {
        return new static(array_replace($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Recursively replace the collection items with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function replaceRecursive($items)
    {
        return new static(array_replace_recursive($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Reverse items order.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function reverse()
    {
        return new static(array_reverse($this->items, true));
    }

    /**
     * Search the collection for a given value and return the corresponding key if successful.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TKey|false
     */
    public function search($value, $strict = false)
    {
        if (! $this->useAsCallable($value)) {
            return array_search($value, $this->items, $strict);
        }

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $item) {
            if ($value($item, $key)) {
                return $key;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get the item before the given item.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function before($value, $strict = false)
    {
        $key = $this->search($value, $strict);

        if ($key === false) {
            return null;
        }

        $position = ($keys = $this->keys())->search($key);

        if ($position === 0) {
            return null;
        }

        return $this->get($keys->get($position - 1));
    }

    /**
     * Get the item after the given item.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function after($value, $strict = false)
    {
        $key = $this->search($value, $strict);

        if ($key === false) {
            return null;
        }

        $position = ($keys = $this->keys())->search($key);

        if ($position === $keys->count() - 1) {
            return null;
        }

        return $this->get($keys->get($position + 1));
    }

    /**
     * Get and remove the first N items from the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return static<int, TValue>|TValue|null
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function shift($count = 1)
    {
        if ($count < 0) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Number of shifted items may not be less than zero.');
        }

        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        if ($count === 0) {
            return new static;
        }

        if ($count === 1) {
            return array_shift($this->items);
        }

        $results = [];

        $collectionCount = $this->count();

        foreach (range(1, min($count, $collectionCount)) as $item) {
            array_push($results, array_shift($this->items));
        }

        return new static($results);
    }

    /**
     * Shuffle the items in the collection.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function shuffle()
    {
        return new static(Arr::shuffle($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Create chunks representing a "sliding window" view of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @param  int  $step
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function sliding($size = 2, $step = 1)
    {
        $chunks = floor(($this->count() - $size) / $step) + 1;

        return static::times($chunks, fn ($number) => $this->slice(($number - 1) * $step, $size));
    }

    /**
     * Skip the first {$count} items.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return static
     */
    public function skip($count)
    {
        return $this->slice($count);
    }

    /**
     * Skip items in the collection until the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function skipUntil($value)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->skipUntil($value)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Skip items in the collection while the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function skipWhile($value)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->skipWhile($value)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Slice the underlying collection array.
     *
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @return static
     */
    public function slice($offset, $length = null)
    {
        return new static(array_slice($this->items, $offset, $length, true));
    }

    /**
     * Split a collection into a certain number of groups.
     *
     * @param  int  $numberOfGroups
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function split($numberOfGroups)
    {
        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return new static;
        }

        $groups = new static;

        $groupSize = floor($this->count() / $numberOfGroups);

        $remain = $this->count() % $numberOfGroups;

        $start = 0;

        for ($i = 0; $i < $numberOfGroups; $i++) {
            $size = $groupSize;

            if ($i < $remain) {
                $size++;
            }

            if ($size) {
                $groups->push(new static(array_slice($this->items, $start, $size)));

                $start += $size;
            }
        }

        return $groups;
    }

    /**
     * Split a collection into a certain number of groups, and fill the first groups completely.
     *
     * @param  int  $numberOfGroups
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function splitIn($numberOfGroups)
    {
        return $this->chunk((int) ceil($this->count() / $numberOfGroups));
    }

    /**
     * Get the first item in the collection, but only if exactly one item exists. Otherwise, throw an exception.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\MultipleItemsFoundException
     */
    public function sole($key = null, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        $filter = func_num_args() > 1
            ? $this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args())
            : $key;

        $items = $this->unless($filter == null)->filter($filter);

        $count = $items->count();

        if ($count === 0) {
            throw new ItemNotFoundException;
        }

        if ($count > 1) {
            throw new MultipleItemsFoundException($count);
        }

        return $items->first();
    }

    /**
     * Get the first item in the collection but throw an exception if no matching items exist.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException
     */
    public function firstOrFail($key = null, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        $filter = func_num_args() > 1
            ? $this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args())
            : $key;

        $placeholder = new stdClass();

        $item = $this->first($filter, $placeholder);

        if ($item === $placeholder) {
            throw new ItemNotFoundException;
        }

        return $item;
    }

    /**
     * Chunk the collection into chunks of the given size.
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function chunk($size)
    {
        if ($size <= 0) {
            return new static;
        }

        $chunks = [];

        foreach (array_chunk($this->items, $size, true) as $chunk) {
            $chunks[] = new static($chunk);
        }

        return new static($chunks);
    }

    /**
     * Chunk the collection into chunks with a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey, static<int, TValue>): bool  $callback
     * @return static<int, static<int, TValue>>
     */
    public function chunkWhile(callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(
            $this->lazy()->chunkWhile($callback)->mapInto(static::class)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Sort through each item with a callback.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TValue): int)|null|int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function sort($callback = null)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        $callback && is_callable($callback)
            ? uasort($items, $callback)
            : asort($items, $callback ?? SORT_REGULAR);

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Sort items in descending order.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        arsort($items, $options);

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $callback
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortBy($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false)
    {
        if (is_array($callback) && ! is_callable($callback)) {
            return $this->sortByMany($callback, $options);
        }

        $results = [];

        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        // First we will loop through the items and get the comparator from a callback
        // function which we were given. Then, we will sort the returned values and
        // grab all the corresponding values for the sorted keys from this array.
        foreach ($this->items as $key => $value) {
            $results[$key] = $callback($value, $key);
        }

        $descending ? arsort($results, $options)
            : asort($results, $options);

        // Once we have sorted all of the keys in the array, we will loop through them
        // and grab the corresponding model so we can set the underlying items list
        // to the sorted version. Then we'll just return the collection instance.
        foreach (array_keys($results) as $key) {
            $results[$key] = $this->items[$key];
        }

        return new static($results);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection using multiple comparisons.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>  $comparisons
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    protected function sortByMany(array $comparisons = [], int $options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        uasort($items, function ($a, $b) use ($comparisons, $options) {
            foreach ($comparisons as $comparison) {
                $comparison = Arr::wrap($comparison);

                $prop = $comparison[0];

                $ascending = Arr::get($comparison, 1, true) === true ||
                    Arr::get($comparison, 1, true) === 'asc';

                if (! is_string($prop) && is_callable($prop)) {
                    $result = $prop($a, $b);
                } else {
                    $values = [data_get($a, $prop), data_get($b, $prop)];

                    if (! $ascending) {
                        $values = array_reverse($values);
                    }

                    if (($options & SORT_FLAG_CASE) === SORT_FLAG_CASE) {
                        if (($options & SORT_NATURAL) === SORT_NATURAL) {
                            $result = strnatcasecmp($values[0], $values[1]);
                        } else {
                            $result = strcasecmp($values[0], $values[1]);
                        }
                    } else {
                        $result = match ($options) {
                            SORT_NUMERIC => intval($values[0]) <=> intval($values[1]),
                            SORT_STRING => strcmp($values[0], $values[1]),
                            SORT_NATURAL => strnatcmp((string) $values[0], (string) $values[1]),
                            SORT_LOCALE_STRING => strcoll($values[0], $values[1]),
                            default => $values[0] <=> $values[1],
                        };
                    }
                }

                if ($result === 0) {
                    continue;
                }

                return $result;
            }
        });

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection in descending order using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $callback
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortByDesc($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        if (is_array($callback) && ! is_callable($callback)) {
            foreach ($callback as $index => $key) {
                $comparison = Arr::wrap($key);

                $comparison[1] = 'desc';

                $callback[$index] = $comparison;
            }
        }

        return $this->sortBy($callback, $options, true);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeys($options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        $descending ? krsort($items, $options) : ksort($items, $options);

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys in descending order.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeysDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        return $this->sortKeys($options, true);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys using a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeysUsing(callable $callback)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        uksort($items, $callback);

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Splice a portion of the underlying collection array.
     *
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @param  array<array-key, TValue>  $replacement
     * @return static
     */
    public function splice($offset, $length = null, $replacement = [])
    {
        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            return new static(array_splice($this->items, $offset));
        }

        return new static(array_splice($this->items, $offset, $length, $this->getArrayableItems($replacement)));
    }

    /**
     * Take the first or last {$limit} items.
     *
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @return static
     */
    public function take($limit)
    {
        if ($limit < 0) {
            return $this->slice($limit, abs($limit));
        }

        return $this->slice(0, $limit);
    }

    /**
     * Take items in the collection until the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function takeUntil($value)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->takeUntil($value)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Take items in the collection while the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function takeWhile($value)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->takeWhile($value)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Transform each item in the collection using a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): TValue  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function transform(callable $callback)
    {
        $this->items = $this->map($callback)->all();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Flatten a multi-dimensional associative array with dots.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function dot()
    {
        return new static(Arr::dot($this->all()));
    }

    /**
     * Convert a flatten "dot" notation array into an expanded array.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function undot()
    {
        return new static(Arr::undot($this->all()));
    }

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function unique($key = null, $strict = false)
    {
        if (is_null($key) && $strict === false) {
            return new static(array_unique($this->items, SORT_REGULAR));
        }

        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($key);

        $exists = [];

        return $this->reject(function ($item, $key) use ($callback, $strict, &$exists) {
            if (in_array($id = $callback($item, $key), $exists, $strict)) {
                return true;
            }

            $exists[] = $id;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reset the keys on the underlying array.
     *
     * @return static<int, TValue>
     */
    public function values()
    {
        return new static(array_values($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Zip the collection together with one or more arrays.
     *
     * e.g. new Collection([1, 2, 3])->zip([4, 5, 6]);
     *      => [[1, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]]
     *
     * @template TZipValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TZipValue>|iterable<array-key, TZipValue>  ...$items
     * @return static<int, static<int, TValue|TZipValue>>
     */
    public function zip($items)
    {
        $arrayableItems = array_map(fn ($items) => $this->getArrayableItems($items), func_get_args());

        $params = array_merge([fn () => new static(func_get_args()), $this->items], $arrayableItems);

        return new static(array_map(...$params));
    }

    /**
     * Pad collection to the specified length with a value.
     *
     * @template TPadValue
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @param  TPadValue  $value
     * @return static<int, TValue|TPadValue>
     */
    public function pad($size, $value)
    {
        return new static(array_pad($this->items, $size, $value));
    }

    /**
     * Get an iterator for the items.
     *
     * @return \ArrayIterator<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function getIterator(): \Traversable
    {
        return new ArrayIterator($this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Count the number of items in the collection.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function count(): int
    {
        return count($this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Count the number of items in the collection by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): array-key)|string|null  $countBy
     * @return static<array-key, int>
     */
    public function countBy($countBy = null)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->countBy($countBy)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Add an item to the collection.
     *
     * @param  TValue  $item
     * @return $this
     */
    public function add($item)
    {
        $this->items[] = $item;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get a base Support collection instance from this collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function toBase()
    {
        return new self($this);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists at an offset.
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($key): bool
    {
        return isset($this->items[$key]);
    }

    /**
     * Get an item at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @return TValue
     */
    public function offsetGet($key): mixed
    {
        return $this->items[$key];
    }

    /**
     * Set the item at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  TKey|null  $key
     * @param  TValue  $value
     * @return void
     */
    public function offsetSet($key, $value): void
    {
        if (is_null($key)) {
            $this->items[] = $value;
        } else {
            $this->items[$key] = $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unset the item at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @return void
     */
    public function offsetUnset($key): void
    {
        unset($this->items[$key]);
    }
}
?>

<?php
$start = microtime(true);
$product = [];
for ($k = 0; $k <= 1000; $k++) {
    $options = [];
    for ($j = 0; $j <= 10; $j++) {
        $optionItems = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++) {
            $optionItems[] = new Collection(array(
                'title' => 'OptionItem' . $i,
                'description' => 'OptionItem ' . $i . ' Description',
                'price' => random_int(1000, 10000)
            ));
        }

        $options[] = new Collection(array(
            'title' => 'Option' . $j,
            'description' => 'Option ' . $j . ' Description',
            'price' => random_int(1000, 10000),
            'items' => $optionItems
        ));
    }
    $product[] = new Collection(array(
        'title' => 'Product' . $k,
        'description' => 'Product ' . $k . ' Description',
        'price' => random_int(1000, 10000),
        'currency' => 'USD',
        'category' => 'Category' . $k,
        'brand' => 'Brand' . $k,
        'options' => $options
    ));
}

$end = microtime(true);
echo 'Memory Peak Usage: ' . (memory_get_peak_usage(true) / 1024 / 1024) . ' MB' . '<br>';
echo 'Execution Time: ' . round($end - $start, 2) . ' seconds' . '<br>';

PHP

 <?php
namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Support;

ini_set('memory_limit', '1024M');
interface CanBeEscapedWhenCastToString
{
    /**
     * Indicate that the object's string representation should be escaped when __toString is invoked.
     *
     * @param  bool  $escape
     * @return $this
     */
    public function escapeWhenCastingToString($escape = true);
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support\Traits;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Support\HigherOrderWhenProxy;

trait Conditionable
{
    /**
     * Apply the callback if the given "value" is (or resolves to) truthy.
     *
     * @template TWhenParameter
     * @template TWhenReturnType
     *
     * @param  (\Closure($this): TWhenParameter)|TWhenParameter|null  $value
     * @param  (callable($this, TWhenParameter): TWhenReturnType)|null  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this, TWhenParameter): TWhenReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenReturnType
     */
    public function when($value = null, ?callable $callback = null, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        $value = $value instanceof Closure ? $value($this) : $value;

        if (func_num_args() === 0) {
            return new HigherOrderWhenProxy($this);
        }

        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            return (new HigherOrderWhenProxy($this))->condition($value);
        }

        if ($value) {
            return $callback($this, $value) ?? $this;
        } elseif ($default) {
            return $default($this, $value) ?? $this;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the given "value" is (or resolves to) falsy.
     *
     * @template TUnlessParameter
     * @template TUnlessReturnType
     *
     * @param  (\Closure($this): TUnlessParameter)|TUnlessParameter|null  $value
     * @param  (callable($this, TUnlessParameter): TUnlessReturnType)|null  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this, TUnlessParameter): TUnlessReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessReturnType
     */
    public function unless($value = null, ?callable $callback = null, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        $value = $value instanceof Closure ? $value($this) : $value;

        if (func_num_args() === 0) {
            return (new HigherOrderWhenProxy($this))->negateConditionOnCapture();
        }

        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            return (new HigherOrderWhenProxy($this))->condition(! $value);
        }

        if (! $value) {
            return $callback($this, $value) ?? $this;
        } elseif ($default) {
            return $default($this, $value) ?? $this;
        }

        return $this;
    }
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support;

use ArgumentCountError;
use \ArrayAccess;
use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Macroable;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use Random\Randomizer;

class Arr
{
    use Macroable;

    /**
     * Determine whether the given value is array accessible.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function accessible($value)
    {
        return is_array($value) || $value instanceof ArrayAccess;
    }

    /**
     * Add an element to an array using "dot" notation if it doesn't exist.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string|int|float  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return array
     */
    public static function add($array, $key, $value)
    {
        if (is_null(static::get($array, $key))) {
            static::set($array, $key, $value);
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Collapse an array of arrays into a single array.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function collapse($array)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($array as $values) {
            if ($values instanceof Collection) {
                $values = $values->all();
            } elseif (! is_array($values)) {
                continue;
            }

            $results[] = $values;
        }

        return array_merge([], ...$results);
    }

    /**
     * Cross join the given arrays, returning all possible permutations.
     *
     * @param  iterable  ...$arrays
     * @return array
     */
    public static function crossJoin(...$arrays)
    {
        $results = [[]];

        foreach ($arrays as $index => $array) {
            $append = [];

            foreach ($results as $product) {
                foreach ($array as $item) {
                    $product[$index] = $item;

                    $append[] = $product;
                }
            }

            $results = $append;
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Divide an array into two arrays. One with keys and the other with values.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function divide($array)
    {
        return [array_keys($array), array_values($array)];
    }

    /**
     * Flatten a multi-dimensional associative array with dots.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @param  string  $prepend
     * @return array
     */
    public static function dot($array, $prepend = '')
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
            if (is_array($value) && ! empty($value)) {
                $results = array_merge($results, static::dot($value, $prepend.$key.'.'));
            } else {
                $results[$prepend.$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Convert a flatten "dot" notation array into an expanded array.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function undot($array)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
            static::set($results, $key, $value);
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the given array except for a specified array of keys.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  array|string|int|float  $keys
     * @return array
     */
    public static function except($array, $keys)
    {
        static::forget($array, $keys);

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given key exists in the provided array.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|array  $array
     * @param  string|int|float  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function exists($array, $key)
    {
        if ($array instanceof Enumerable) {
            return $array->has($key);
        }

        if ($array instanceof ArrayAccess) {
            return $array->offsetExists($key);
        }

        if (is_float($key)) {
            $key = (string) $key;
        }

        return array_key_exists($key, $array);
    }

    /**
     * Return the first element in an array passing a given truth test.
     *
     * @template TKey
     * @template TValue
     * @template TFirstDefault
     *
     * @param  iterable<TKey, TValue>  $array
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TFirstDefault|(\Closure(): TFirstDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TFirstDefault
     */
    public static function first($array, ?callable $callback = null, $default = null)
    {
        if (is_null($callback)) {
            if (empty($array)) {
                return value($default);
            }

            foreach ($array as $item) {
                return $item;
            }

            return value($default);
        }

        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
            if ($callback($value, $key)) {
                return $value;
            }
        }

        return value($default);
    }

    /**
     * Return the last element in an array passing a given truth test.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable|null  $callback
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed
     */
    public static function last($array, ?callable $callback = null, $default = null)
    {
        if (is_null($callback)) {
            return empty($array) ? value($default) : end($array);
        }

        return static::first(array_reverse($array, true), $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Take the first or last {$limit} items from an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @return array
     */
    public static function take($array, $limit)
    {
        if ($limit < 0) {
            return array_slice($array, $limit, abs($limit));
        }

        return array_slice($array, 0, $limit);
    }

    /**
     * Flatten a multi-dimensional array into a single level.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @param  int  $depth
     * @return array
     */
    public static function flatten($array, $depth = INF)
    {
        $result = [];

        foreach ($array as $item) {
            $item = $item instanceof Collection ? $item->all() : $item;

            if (! is_array($item)) {
                $result[] = $item;
            } else {
                $values = $depth === 1
                    ? array_values($item)
                    : static::flatten($item, $depth - 1);

                foreach ($values as $value) {
                    $result[] = $value;
                }
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Remove one or many array items from a given array using "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  array|string|int|float  $keys
     * @return void
     */
    public static function forget(&$array, $keys)
    {
        $original = &$array;

        $keys = (array) $keys;

        if (count($keys) === 0) {
            return;
        }

        foreach ($keys as $key) {
            // if the exact key exists in the top-level, remove it
            if (static::exists($array, $key)) {
                unset($array[$key]);

                continue;
            }

            $parts = explode('.', $key);

            // clean up before each pass
            $array = &$original;

            while (count($parts) > 1) {
                $part = array_shift($parts);

                if (isset($array[$part]) && static::accessible($array[$part])) {
                    $array = &$array[$part];
                } else {
                    continue 2;
                }
            }

            unset($array[array_shift($parts)]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get an item from an array using "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|array  $array
     * @param  string|int|null  $key
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed
     */
    public static function get($array, $key, $default = null)
    {
        if (! static::accessible($array)) {
            return value($default);
        }

        if (is_null($key)) {
            return $array;
        }

        if (static::exists($array, $key)) {
            return $array[$key];
        }

        if (! str_contains($key, '.')) {
            return $array[$key] ?? value($default);
        }

        foreach (explode('.', $key) as $segment) {
            if (static::accessible($array) && static::exists($array, $segment)) {
                $array = $array[$segment];
            } else {
                return value($default);
            }
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Check if an item or items exist in an array using "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|array  $array
     * @param  string|array  $keys
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function has($array, $keys)
    {
        $keys = (array) $keys;

        if (! $array || $keys === []) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach ($keys as $key) {
            $subKeyArray = $array;

            if (static::exists($array, $key)) {
                continue;
            }

            foreach (explode('.', $key) as $segment) {
                if (static::accessible($subKeyArray) && static::exists($subKeyArray, $segment)) {
                    $subKeyArray = $subKeyArray[$segment];
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if any of the keys exist in an array using "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|array  $array
     * @param  string|array  $keys
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function hasAny($array, $keys)
    {
        if (is_null($keys)) {
            return false;
        }

        $keys = (array) $keys;

        if (! $array) {
            return false;
        }

        if ($keys === []) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach ($keys as $key) {
            if (static::has($array, $key)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if an array is associative.
     *
     * An array is "associative" if it doesn't have sequential numerical keys beginning with zero.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isAssoc(array $array)
    {
        return ! array_is_list($array);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if an array is a list.
     *
     * An array is a "list" if all array keys are sequential integers starting from 0 with no gaps in between.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isList($array)
    {
        return array_is_list($array);
    }

    /**
     * Join all items using a string. The final items can use a separate glue string.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string  $glue
     * @param  string  $finalGlue
     * @return string
     */
    public static function join($array, $glue, $finalGlue = '')
    {
        if ($finalGlue === '') {
            return implode($glue, $array);
        }

        if (count($array) === 0) {
            return '';
        }

        if (count($array) === 1) {
            return end($array);
        }

        $finalItem = array_pop($array);

        return implode($glue, $array).$finalGlue.$finalItem;
    }

    /**
     * Key an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable|array|string  $keyBy
     * @return array
     */
    public static function keyBy($array, $keyBy)
    {
        return Collection::make($array)->keyBy($keyBy)->all();
    }

    /**
     * Prepend the key names of an associative array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string  $prependWith
     * @return array
     */
    public static function prependKeysWith($array, $prependWith)
    {
        return static::mapWithKeys($array, fn ($item, $key) => [$prependWith.$key => $item]);
    }

    /**
     * Get a subset of the items from the given array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  array|string  $keys
     * @return array
     */
    public static function only($array, $keys)
    {
        return array_intersect_key($array, array_flip((array) $keys));
    }

    /**
     * Select an array of values from an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  array|string  $keys
     * @return array
     */
    public static function select($array, $keys)
    {
        $keys = static::wrap($keys);

        return static::map($array, function ($item) use ($keys) {
            $result = [];

            foreach ($keys as $key) {
                if (Arr::accessible($item) && Arr::exists($item, $key)) {
                    $result[$key] = $item[$key];
                } elseif (is_object($item) && isset($item->{$key})) {
                    $result[$key] = $item->{$key};
                }
            }

            return $result;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Pluck an array of values from an array.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $array
     * @param  string|array|int|null  $value
     * @param  string|array|null  $key
     * @return array
     */
    public static function pluck($array, $value, $key = null)
    {
        $results = [];

        [$value, $key] = static::explodePluckParameters($value, $key);

        foreach ($array as $item) {
            $itemValue = data_get($item, $value);

            // If the key is "null", we will just append the value to the array and keep
            // looping. Otherwise we will key the array using the value of the key we
            // received from the developer. Then we'll return the final array form.
            if (is_null($key)) {
                $results[] = $itemValue;
            } else {
                $itemKey = data_get($item, $key);

                if (is_object($itemKey) && method_exists($itemKey, '__toString')) {
                    $itemKey = (string) $itemKey;
                }

                $results[$itemKey] = $itemValue;
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Explode the "value" and "key" arguments passed to "pluck".
     *
     * @param  string|array  $value
     * @param  string|array|null  $key
     * @return array
     */
    protected static function explodePluckParameters($value, $key)
    {
        $value = is_string($value) ? explode('.', $value) : $value;

        $key = is_null($key) || is_array($key) ? $key : explode('.', $key);

        return [$value, $key];
    }

    /**
     * Run a map over each of the items in the array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function map(array $array, callable $callback)
    {
        $keys = array_keys($array);

        try {
            $items = array_map($callback, $array, $keys);
        } catch (ArgumentCountError) {
            $items = array_map($callback, $array);
        }

        return array_combine($keys, $items);
    }

    /**
     * Run an associative map over each of the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TKey
     * @template TValue
     * @template TMapWithKeysKey of array-key
     * @template TMapWithKeysValue
     *
     * @param  array<TKey, TValue>  $array
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function mapWithKeys(array $array, callable $callback)
    {
        $result = [];

        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
            $assoc = $callback($value, $key);

            foreach ($assoc as $mapKey => $mapValue) {
                $result[$mapKey] = $mapValue;
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Run a map over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @template TKey
     * @template TValue
     *
     * @param  array<TKey, array>  $array
     * @param  callable(mixed...): TValue  $callback
     * @return array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public static function mapSpread(array $array, callable $callback)
    {
        return static::map($array, function ($chunk, $key) use ($callback) {
            $chunk[] = $key;

            return $callback(...$chunk);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Push an item onto the beginning of an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return array
     */
    public static function prepend($array, $value, $key = null)
    {
        if (func_num_args() == 2) {
            array_unshift($array, $value);
        } else {
            $array = [$key => $value] + $array;
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Get a value from the array, and remove it.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string|int  $key
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed
     */
    public static function pull(&$array, $key, $default = null)
    {
        $value = static::get($array, $key, $default);

        static::forget($array, $key);

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Convert the array into a query string.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return string
     */
    public static function query($array)
    {
        return http_build_query($array, '', '&', PHP_QUERY_RFC3986);
    }

    /**
     * Get one or a specified number of random values from an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  int|null  $number
     * @param  bool  $preserveKeys
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public static function random($array, $number = null, $preserveKeys = false)
    {
        $requested = is_null($number) ? 1 : $number;

        $count = count($array);

        if ($requested > $count) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
                "You requested {$requested} items, but there are only {$count} items available."
            );
        }

        if (empty($array) || (! is_null($number) && $number <= 0)) {
            return is_null($number) ? null : [];
        }

        $keys = (new Randomizer)->pickArrayKeys($array, $requested);

        if (is_null($number)) {
            return $array[$keys[0]];
        }

        $results = [];

        if ($preserveKeys) {
            foreach ($keys as $key) {
                $results[$key] = $array[$key];
            }
        } else {
            foreach ($keys as $key) {
                $results[] = $array[$key];
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Set an array item to a given value using "dot" notation.
     *
     * If no key is given to the method, the entire array will be replaced.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  string|int|null  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return array
     */
    public static function set(&$array, $key, $value)
    {
        if (is_null($key)) {
            return $array = $value;
        }

        $keys = explode('.', $key);

        foreach ($keys as $i => $key) {
            if (count($keys) === 1) {
                break;
            }

            unset($keys[$i]);

            // If the key doesn't exist at this depth, we will just create an empty array
            // to hold the next value, allowing us to create the arrays to hold final
            // values at the correct depth. Then we'll keep digging into the array.
            if (! isset($array[$key]) || ! is_array($array[$key])) {
                $array[$key] = [];
            }

            $array = &$array[$key];
        }

        $array[array_shift($keys)] = $value;

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Shuffle the given array and return the result.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function shuffle($array)
    {
        return (new Randomizer)->shuffleArray($array);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the array using the given callback or "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable|array|string|null  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function sort($array, $callback = null)
    {
        return Collection::make($array)->sortBy($callback)->all();
    }

    /**
     * Sort the array in descending order using the given callback or "dot" notation.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable|array|string|null  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function sortDesc($array, $callback = null)
    {
        return Collection::make($array)->sortByDesc($callback)->all();
    }

    /**
     * Recursively sort an array by keys and values.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return array
     */
    public static function sortRecursive($array, $options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false)
    {
        foreach ($array as &$value) {
            if (is_array($value)) {
                $value = static::sortRecursive($value, $options, $descending);
            }
        }

        if (! array_is_list($array)) {
            $descending
                ? krsort($array, $options)
                : ksort($array, $options);
        } else {
            $descending
                ? rsort($array, $options)
                : sort($array, $options);
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Recursively sort an array by keys and values in descending order.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return array
     */
    public static function sortRecursiveDesc($array, $options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        return static::sortRecursive($array, $options, true);
    }

    /**
     * Conditionally compile classes from an array into a CSS class list.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return string
     */
    public static function toCssClasses($array)
    {
        $classList = static::wrap($array);

        $classes = [];

        foreach ($classList as $class => $constraint) {
            if (is_numeric($class)) {
                $classes[] = $constraint;
            } elseif ($constraint) {
                $classes[] = $class;
            }
        }

        return implode(' ', $classes);
    }

    /**
     * Conditionally compile styles from an array into a style list.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return string
     */
    public static function toCssStyles($array)
    {
        $styleList = static::wrap($array);

        $styles = [];

        foreach ($styleList as $class => $constraint) {
            if (is_numeric($class)) {
                $styles[] = Str::finish($constraint, ';');
            } elseif ($constraint) {
                $styles[] = Str::finish($class, ';');
            }
        }

        return implode(' ', $styles);
    }

    /**
     * Filter the array using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return array
     */
    public static function where($array, callable $callback)
    {
        return array_filter($array, $callback, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items where the value is not null.
     *
     * @param  array  $array
     * @return array
     */
    public static function whereNotNull($array)
    {
        return static::where($array, fn ($value) => ! is_null($value));
    }

    /**
     * If the given value is not an array and not null, wrap it in one.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return array
     */
    public static function wrap($value)
    {
        if (is_null($value)) {
            return [];
        }

        return is_array($value) ? $value : [$value];
    }
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Support;

interface Jsonable
{
    /**
     * Convert the object to its JSON representation.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return string
     */
    public function toJson($options = 0);
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Support;

/**
 * @template TKey of array-key
 * @template TValue
 */
interface Arrayable
{
    /**
     * Get the instance as an array.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function toArray();
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support\Traits;

use BadMethodCallException;
use ReflectionClass;
use ReflectionMethod;

trait Macroable
{
    /**
     * The registered string macros.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $macros = [];

    /**
     * Register a custom macro.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @param  object|callable  $macro
     *
     * @param-closure-this static  $macro
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public static function macro($name, $macro)
    {
        static::$macros[$name] = $macro;
    }

    /**
     * Mix another object into the class.
     *
     * @param  object  $mixin
     * @param  bool  $replace
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \ReflectionException
     */
    public static function mixin($mixin, $replace = true)
    {
        $methods = (new ReflectionClass($mixin))->getMethods(
            ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC | ReflectionMethod::IS_PROTECTED
        );

        foreach ($methods as $method) {
            if ($replace || ! static::hasMacro($method->name)) {
                static::macro($method->name, $method->invoke($mixin));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if macro is registered.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function hasMacro($name)
    {
        return isset(static::$macros[$name]);
    }

    /**
     * Flush the existing macros.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public static function flushMacros()
    {
        static::$macros = [];
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically handle calls to the class.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \BadMethodCallException
     */
    public static function __callStatic($method, $parameters)
    {
        if (! static::hasMacro($method)) {
            throw new BadMethodCallException(sprintf(
                'Method %s::%s does not exist.', static::class, $method
            ));
        }

        $macro = static::$macros[$method];

        if ($macro instanceof Closure) {
            $macro = $macro->bindTo(null, static::class);
        }

        return $macro(...$parameters);
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically handle calls to the class.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \BadMethodCallException
     */
    public function __call($method, $parameters)
    {
        if (! static::hasMacro($method)) {
            throw new BadMethodCallException(sprintf(
                'Method %s::%s does not exist.', static::class, $method
            ));
        }

        $macro = static::$macros[$method];

        if ($macro instanceof Closure) {
            $macro = $macro->bindTo($this, static::class);
        }

        return $macro(...$parameters);
    }
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support;

use CachingIterator;
use Countable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Jsonable;
use IteratorAggregate;
use JsonSerializable;
use \Traversable;

/**
 * @template TKey of array-key
 *
 * @template-covariant TValue
 *
 * @extends \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>
 * @extends \IteratorAggregate<TKey, TValue>
 */
interface Enumerable extends Arrayable, Countable, IteratorAggregate, Jsonable, JsonSerializable
{
    /**
     * Create a new collection instance if the value isn't one already.
     *
     * @template TMakeKey of array-key
     * @template TMakeValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>|iterable<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>|null  $items
     * @return static<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>
     */
    public static function make($items = []);

    /**
     * Create a new instance by invoking the callback a given amount of times.
     *
     * @param  int  $number
     * @param  callable|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public static function times($number, ?callable $callback = null);

    /**
     * Create a collection with the given range.
     *
     * @param  int  $from
     * @param  int  $to
     * @param  int  $step
     * @return static
     */
    public static function range($from, $to, $step = 1);

    /**
     * Wrap the given value in a collection if applicable.
     *
     * @template TWrapValue
     *
     * @param  iterable<array-key, TWrapValue>|TWrapValue  $value
     * @return static<array-key, TWrapValue>
     */
    public static function wrap($value);

    /**
     * Get the underlying items from the given collection if applicable.
     *
     * @template TUnwrapKey of array-key
     * @template TUnwrapValue
     *
     * @param  array<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>|static<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>  $value
     * @return array<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>
     */
    public static function unwrap($value);

    /**
     * Create a new instance with no items.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public static function empty();

    /**
     * Get all items in the enumerable.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function all();

    /**
     * Alias for the "avg" method.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): float|int)|string|null  $callback
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function average($callback = null);

    /**
     * Get the median of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>|null  $key
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function median($key = null);

    /**
     * Get the mode of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>|null  $key
     * @return array<int, float|int>|null
     */
    public function mode($key = null);

    /**
     * Collapse the items into a single enumerable.
     *
     * @return static<int, mixed>
     */
    public function collapse();

    /**
     * Alias for the "contains" method.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function some($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists, using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|TValue|array-key  $key
     * @param  TValue|null  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function containsStrict($key, $value = null);

    /**
     * Get the average value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): float|int)|string|null  $callback
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function avg($callback = null);

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists in the enumerable.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function contains($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Determine if an item is not contained in the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function doesntContain($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Cross join with the given lists, returning all possible permutations.
     *
     * @template TCrossJoinKey
     * @template TCrossJoinValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TCrossJoinKey, TCrossJoinValue>|iterable<TCrossJoinKey, TCrossJoinValue>  ...$lists
     * @return static<int, array<int, TValue|TCrossJoinValue>>
     */
    public function crossJoin(...$lists);

    /**
     * Dump the collection and end the script.
     *
     * @param  mixed  ...$args
     * @return never
     */
    public function dd(...$args);

    /**
     * Dump the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  ...$args
     * @return $this
     */
    public function dump(...$args);

    /**
     * Get the items that are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diff($items);

    /**
     * Get the items that are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Get the items whose keys and values are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffAssoc($items);

    /**
     * Get the items whose keys and values are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffAssocUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Get the items whose keys are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffKeys($items);

    /**
     * Get the items whose keys are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffKeysUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Retrieve duplicate items.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|string|null  $callback
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function duplicates($callback = null, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Retrieve duplicate items using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|string|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function duplicatesStrict($callback = null);

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each item.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): mixed  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function each(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function eachSpread(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Determine if all items pass the given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function every($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Get all items except for those with the specified keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function except($keys);

    /**
     * Run a filter over each of the items.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function filter(?callable $callback = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the given "value" is (or resolves to) truthy.
     *
     * @template TWhenReturnType as null
     *
     * @param  bool  $value
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenReturnType)|null  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenReturnType
     */
    public function when($value, ?callable $callback = null, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the collection is empty.
     *
     * @template TWhenEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenEmptyReturnType)  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function whenEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @template TWhenNotEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TWhenNotEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenNotEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenNotEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function whenNotEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the given "value" is (or resolves to) falsy.
     *
     * @template TUnlessReturnType
     *
     * @param  bool  $value
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessReturnType)  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessReturnType
     */
    public function unless($value, callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback unless the collection is empty.
     *
     * @template TUnlessEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TUnlessEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function unlessEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Apply the callback unless the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @template TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function unlessNotEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function where($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Filter items where the value for the given key is null.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNull($key = null);

    /**
     * Filter items where the value for the given key is not null.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotNull($key = null);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereStrict($key, $value);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereIn($key, $values, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereInStrict($key, $values);

    /**
     * Filter items such that the value of the given key is between the given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereBetween($key, $values);

    /**
     * Filter items such that the value of the given key is not between the given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotBetween($key, $values);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotIn($key, $values, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotInStrict($key, $values);

    /**
     * Filter the items, removing any items that don't match the given type(s).
     *
     * @template TWhereInstanceOf
     *
     * @param  class-string<TWhereInstanceOf>|array<array-key, class-string<TWhereInstanceOf>>  $type
     * @return static<TKey, TWhereInstanceOf>
     */
    public function whereInstanceOf($type);

    /**
     * Get the first item from the enumerable passing the given truth test.
     *
     * @template TFirstDefault
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue,TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TFirstDefault|(\Closure(): TFirstDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TFirstDefault
     */
    public function first(?callable $callback = null, $default = null);

    /**
     * Get the first item by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function firstWhere($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Get a flattened array of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $depth
     * @return static
     */
    public function flatten($depth = INF);

    /**
     * Flip the values with their keys.
     *
     * @return static<TValue, TKey>
     */
    public function flip();

    /**
     * Get an item from the collection by key.
     *
     * @template TGetDefault
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @param  TGetDefault|(\Closure(): TGetDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TGetDefault
     */
    public function get($key, $default = null);

    /**
     * Group an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @template TGroupKey of array-key
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): TGroupKey)|array|string  $groupBy
     * @param  bool  $preserveKeys
     * @return static<($groupBy is string ? array-key : ($groupBy is array ? array-key : TGroupKey)), static<($preserveKeys is true ? TKey : int), TValue>>
     */
    public function groupBy($groupBy, $preserveKeys = false);

    /**
     * Key an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @template TNewKey of array-key
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): TNewKey)|array|string  $keyBy
     * @return static<($keyBy is string ? array-key : ($keyBy is array ? array-key : TNewKey)), TValue>
     */
    public function keyBy($keyBy);

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists in the collection by key.
     *
     * @param  TKey|array<array-key, TKey>  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function has($key);

    /**
     * Determine if any of the keys exist in the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAny($key);

    /**
     * Concatenate values of a given key as a string.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $value
     * @param  string|null  $glue
     * @return string
     */
    public function implode($value, $glue = null);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersect($items);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items with additional index check.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectAssoc($items);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items with additional index check, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectAssocUsing($items, callable $callback);

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items by key.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectByKeys($items);

    /**
     * Determine if the collection is empty or not.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isEmpty();

    /**
     * Determine if the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isNotEmpty();

    /**
     * Determine if the collection contains a single item.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function containsOneItem();

    /**
     * Join all items from the collection using a string. The final items can use a separate glue string.
     *
     * @param  string  $glue
     * @param  string  $finalGlue
     * @return string
     */
    public function join($glue, $finalGlue = '');

    /**
     * Get the keys of the collection items.
     *
     * @return static<int, TKey>
     */
    public function keys();

    /**
     * Get the last item from the collection.
     *
     * @template TLastDefault
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TLastDefault|(\Closure(): TLastDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TLastDefault
     */
    public function last(?callable $callback = null, $default = null);

    /**
     * Run a map over each of the items.
     *
     * @template TMapValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): TMapValue  $callback
     * @return static<TKey, TMapValue>
     */
    public function map(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Run a map over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function mapSpread(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Run a dictionary map over the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapToDictionaryKey of array-key
     * @template TMapToDictionaryValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapToDictionaryKey, TMapToDictionaryValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapToDictionaryKey, array<int, TMapToDictionaryValue>>
     */
    public function mapToDictionary(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Run a grouping map over the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapToGroupsKey of array-key
     * @template TMapToGroupsValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapToGroupsKey, TMapToGroupsValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapToGroupsKey, static<int, TMapToGroupsValue>>
     */
    public function mapToGroups(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Run an associative map over each of the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapWithKeysKey of array-key
     * @template TMapWithKeysValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>
     */
    public function mapWithKeys(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Map a collection and flatten the result by a single level.
     *
     * @template TFlatMapKey of array-key
     * @template TFlatMapValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): (\Illuminate\Support\Collection<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>|array<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>)  $callback
     * @return static<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>
     */
    public function flatMap(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Map the values into a new class.
     *
     * @template TMapIntoValue
     *
     * @param  class-string<TMapIntoValue>  $class
     * @return static<TKey, TMapIntoValue>
     */
    public function mapInto($class);

    /**
     * Merge the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function merge($items);

    /**
     * Recursively merge the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @template TMergeRecursiveValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TMergeRecursiveValue>|iterable<TKey, TMergeRecursiveValue>  $items
     * @return static<TKey, TValue|TMergeRecursiveValue>
     */
    public function mergeRecursive($items);

    /**
     * Create a collection by using this collection for keys and another for its values.
     *
     * @template TCombineValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TCombineValue>|iterable<array-key, TCombineValue>  $values
     * @return static<TValue, TCombineValue>
     */
    public function combine($values);

    /**
     * Union the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function union($items);

    /**
     * Get the min value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue):mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function min($callback = null);

    /**
     * Get the max value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue):mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function max($callback = null);

    /**
     * Create a new collection consisting of every n-th element.
     *
     * @param  int  $step
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @return static
     */
    public function nth($step, $offset = 0);

    /**
     * Get the items with the specified keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>|string  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function only($keys);

    /**
     * "Paginate" the collection by slicing it into a smaller collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $page
     * @param  int  $perPage
     * @return static
     */
    public function forPage($page, $perPage);

    /**
     * Partition the collection into two arrays using the given callback or key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static<int<0, 1>, static<TKey, TValue>>
     */
    public function partition($key, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Push all of the given items onto the collection.
     *
     * @template TConcatKey of array-key
     * @template TConcatValue
     *
     * @param  iterable<TConcatKey, TConcatValue>  $source
     * @return static<TKey|TConcatKey, TValue|TConcatValue>
     */
    public function concat($source);

    /**
     * Get one or a specified number of items randomly from the collection.
     *
     * @param  int|null  $number
     * @return static<int, TValue>|TValue
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function random($number = null);

    /**
     * Reduce the collection to a single value.
     *
     * @template TReduceInitial
     * @template TReduceReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable(TReduceInitial|TReduceReturnType, TValue, TKey): TReduceReturnType  $callback
     * @param  TReduceInitial  $initial
     * @return TReduceReturnType
     */
    public function reduce(callable $callback, $initial = null);

    /**
     * Reduce the collection to multiple aggregate values.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @param  mixed  ...$initial
     * @return array
     *
     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException
     */
    public function reduceSpread(callable $callback, ...$initial);

    /**
     * Replace the collection items with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function replace($items);

    /**
     * Recursively replace the collection items with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function replaceRecursive($items);

    /**
     * Reverse items order.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function reverse();

    /**
     * Search the collection for a given value and return the corresponding key if successful.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TKey|bool
     */
    public function search($value, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Get the item before the given item.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function before($value, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Get the item after the given item.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function after($value, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Shuffle the items in the collection.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function shuffle();

    /**
     * Create chunks representing a "sliding window" view of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @param  int  $step
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function sliding($size = 2, $step = 1);

    /**
     * Skip the first {$count} items.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return static
     */
    public function skip($count);

    /**
     * Skip items in the collection until the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function skipUntil($value);

    /**
     * Skip items in the collection while the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function skipWhile($value);

    /**
     * Get a slice of items from the enumerable.
     *
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @return static
     */
    public function slice($offset, $length = null);

    /**
     * Split a collection into a certain number of groups.
     *
     * @param  int  $numberOfGroups
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function split($numberOfGroups);

    /**
     * Get the first item in the collection, but only if exactly one item exists. Otherwise, throw an exception.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\MultipleItemsFoundException
     */
    public function sole($key = null, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Get the first item in the collection but throw an exception if no matching items exist.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException
     */
    public function firstOrFail($key = null, $operator = null, $value = null);

    /**
     * Chunk the collection into chunks of the given size.
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function chunk($size);

    /**
     * Chunk the collection into chunks with a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey, static<int, TValue>): bool  $callback
     * @return static<int, static<int, TValue>>
     */
    public function chunkWhile(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Split a collection into a certain number of groups, and fill the first groups completely.
     *
     * @param  int  $numberOfGroups
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function splitIn($numberOfGroups);

    /**
     * Sort through each item with a callback.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TValue): int)|null|int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function sort($callback = null);

    /**
     * Sort items in descending order.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR);

    /**
     * Sort the collection using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $callback
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortBy($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false);

    /**
     * Sort the collection in descending order using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $callback
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortByDesc($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR);

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeys($options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false);

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys in descending order.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeysDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR);

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys using a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeysUsing(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Get the sum of the given values.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function sum($callback = null);

    /**
     * Take the first or last {$limit} items.
     *
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @return static
     */
    public function take($limit);

    /**
     * Take items in the collection until the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function takeUntil($value);

    /**
     * Take items in the collection while the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function takeWhile($value);

    /**
     * Pass the collection to the given callback and then return it.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue): mixed  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function tap(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Pass the enumerable to the given callback and return the result.
     *
     * @template TPipeReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TPipeReturnType  $callback
     * @return TPipeReturnType
     */
    public function pipe(callable $callback);

    /**
     * Pass the collection into a new class.
     *
     * @template TPipeIntoValue
     *
     * @param  class-string<TPipeIntoValue>  $class
     * @return TPipeIntoValue
     */
    public function pipeInto($class);

    /**
     * Pass the collection through a series of callable pipes and return the result.
     *
     * @param  array<callable>  $pipes
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function pipeThrough($pipes);

    /**
     * Get the values of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>  $value
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static<array-key, mixed>
     */
    public function pluck($value, $key = null);

    /**
     * Create a collection of all elements that do not pass a given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|bool|TValue  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function reject($callback = true);

    /**
     * Convert a flatten "dot" notation array into an expanded array.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function undot();

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function unique($key = null, $strict = false);

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function uniqueStrict($key = null);

    /**
     * Reset the keys on the underlying array.
     *
     * @return static<int, TValue>
     */
    public function values();

    /**
     * Pad collection to the specified length with a value.
     *
     * @template TPadValue
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @param  TPadValue  $value
     * @return static<int, TValue|TPadValue>
     */
    public function pad($size, $value);

    /**
     * Get the values iterator.
     *
     * @return \Traversable<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function getIterator(): \Traversable;

    /**
     * Count the number of items in the collection.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function count(): int;

    /**
     * Count the number of items in the collection by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): array-key)|string|null  $countBy
     * @return static<array-key, int>
     */
    public function countBy($countBy = null);

    /**
     * Zip the collection together with one or more arrays.
     *
     * e.g. new Collection([1, 2, 3])->zip([4, 5, 6]);
     *      => [[1, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]]
     *
     * @template TZipValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TZipValue>|iterable<array-key, TZipValue>  ...$items
     * @return static<int, static<int, TValue|TZipValue>>
     */
    public function zip($items);

    /**
     * Collect the values into a collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function collect();

    /**
     * Get the collection of items as a plain array.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, mixed>
     */
    public function toArray();

    /**
     * Convert the object into something JSON serializable.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function jsonSerialize(): mixed;

    /**
     * Get the collection of items as JSON.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return string
     */
    public function toJson($options = 0);

    /**
     * Get a CachingIterator instance.
     *
     * @param  int  $flags
     * @return \CachingIterator
     */
    public function getCachingIterator($flags = CachingIterator::CALL_TOSTRING);

    /**
     * Convert the collection to its string representation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString();

    /**
     * Indicate that the model's string representation should be escaped when __toString is invoked.
     *
     * @param  bool  $escape
     * @return $this
     */
    public function escapeWhenCastingToString($escape = true);

    /**
     * Add a method to the list of proxied methods.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @return void
     */
    public static function proxy($method);

    /**
     * Dynamically access collection proxies.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function __get($key);
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support\Traits;

use BackedEnum;
use CachingIterator;
use Exception;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Jsonable;
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Illuminate\Support\Enumerable;
use Illuminate\Support\HigherOrderCollectionProxy;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use JsonSerializable;
use \Traversable;
use UnexpectedValueException;
use UnitEnum;
use WeakMap;

/**
 * @template TKey of array-key
 *
 * @template-covariant TValue
 *
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $average
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $avg
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $contains
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $doesntContain
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $each
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $every
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $filter
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $first
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $flatMap
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $groupBy
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $keyBy
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $map
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $max
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $min
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $partition
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $percentage
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $reject
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $skipUntil
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $skipWhile
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $some
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $sortBy
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $sortByDesc
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $sum
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $takeUntil
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $takeWhile
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $unique
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $unless
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $until
 * @property-read HigherOrderCollectionProxy<TKey, TValue> $when
 */
trait EnumeratesValues
{
    use Conditionable;

    /**
     * Indicates that the object's string representation should be escaped when __toString is invoked.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $escapeWhenCastingToString = false;

    /**
     * The methods that can be proxied.
     *
     * @var array<int, string>
     */
    protected static $proxies = [
        'average',
        'avg',
        'contains',
        'doesntContain',
        'each',
        'every',
        'filter',
        'first',
        'flatMap',
        'groupBy',
        'keyBy',
        'map',
        'max',
        'min',
        'partition',
        'percentage',
        'reject',
        'skipUntil',
        'skipWhile',
        'some',
        'sortBy',
        'sortByDesc',
        'sum',
        'takeUntil',
        'takeWhile',
        'unique',
        'unless',
        'until',
        'when',
    ];

    /**
     * Create a new collection instance if the value isn't one already.
     *
     * @template TMakeKey of array-key
     * @template TMakeValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>|iterable<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>|null  $items
     * @return static<TMakeKey, TMakeValue>
     */
    public static function make($items = [])
    {
        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Wrap the given value in a collection if applicable.
     *
     * @template TWrapValue
     *
     * @param  iterable<array-key, TWrapValue>|TWrapValue  $value
     * @return static<array-key, TWrapValue>
     */
    public static function wrap($value)
    {
        return $value instanceof Enumerable
            ? new static($value)
            : new static(Arr::wrap($value));
    }

    /**
     * Get the underlying items from the given collection if applicable.
     *
     * @template TUnwrapKey of array-key
     * @template TUnwrapValue
     *
     * @param  array<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>|static<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>  $value
     * @return array<TUnwrapKey, TUnwrapValue>
     */
    public static function unwrap($value)
    {
        return $value instanceof Enumerable ? $value->all() : $value;
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance with no items.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public static function empty()
    {
        return new static([]);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new collection by invoking the callback a given amount of times.
     *
     * @template TTimesValue
     *
     * @param  int  $number
     * @param  (callable(int): TTimesValue)|null  $callback
     * @return static<int, TTimesValue>
     */
    public static function times($number, ?callable $callback = null)
    {
        if ($number < 1) {
            return new static;
        }

        return static::range(1, $number)
            ->unless($callback == null)
            ->map($callback);
    }

    /**
     * Get the average value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): float|int)|string|null  $callback
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function avg($callback = null)
    {
        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        $reduced = $this->reduce(static function (&$reduce, $value) use ($callback) {
            if (! is_null($resolved = $callback($value))) {
                $reduce[0] += $resolved;
                $reduce[1]++;
            }

            return $reduce;
        }, [0, 0]);

        return $reduced[1] ? $reduced[0] / $reduced[1] : null;
    }

    /**
     * Alias for the "avg" method.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): float|int)|string|null  $callback
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function average($callback = null)
    {
        return $this->avg($callback);
    }

    /**
     * Alias for the "contains" method.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function some($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return $this->contains(...func_get_args());
    }

    /**
     * Dump the given arguments and terminate execution.
     *
     * @param  mixed  ...$args
     * @return never
     */
    public function dd(...$args)
    {
        dd($this->all(), ...$args);
    }

    /**
     * Dump the items.
     *
     * @param  mixed  ...$args
     * @return $this
     */
    public function dump(...$args)
    {
        dump($this->all(), ...$args);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each item.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): mixed  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function each(callable $callback)
    {
        foreach ($this as $key => $item) {
            if ($callback($item, $key) === false) {
                break;
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @param  callable(...mixed): mixed  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function eachSpread(callable $callback)
    {
        return $this->each(function ($chunk, $key) use ($callback) {
            $chunk[] = $key;

            return $callback(...$chunk);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Determine if all items pass the given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function every($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            $callback = $this->valueRetriever($key);

            foreach ($this as $k => $v) {
                if (! $callback($v, $k)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            return true;
        }

        return $this->every($this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args()));
    }

    /**
     * Get the first item by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function firstWhere($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return $this->first($this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args()));
    }

    /**
     * Get a single key's value from the first matching item in the collection.
     *
     * @template TValueDefault
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  TValueDefault|(\Closure(): TValueDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TValueDefault
     */
    public function value($key, $default = null)
    {
        if ($value = $this->firstWhere($key)) {
            return data_get($value, $key, $default);
        }

        return value($default);
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that every item in the collection is of the expected type.
     *
     * @template TEnsureOfType
     *
     * @param  class-string<TEnsureOfType>|array<array-key, class-string<TEnsureOfType>>  $type
     * @return static<TKey, TEnsureOfType>
     *
     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException
     */
    public function ensure($type)
    {
        $allowedTypes = is_array($type) ? $type : [$type];

        return $this->each(function ($item, $index) use ($allowedTypes) {
            $itemType = get_debug_type($item);

            foreach ($allowedTypes as $allowedType) {
                if ($itemType === $allowedType || $item instanceof $allowedType) {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            throw new UnexpectedValueException(
                sprintf("Collection should only include [%s] items, but '%s' found at position %d.", implode(', ', $allowedTypes), $itemType, $index)
            );
        });
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @phpstan-assert-if-true TValue $this->first()
     * @phpstan-assert-if-true TValue $this->last()
     *
     * @phpstan-assert-if-false null $this->first()
     * @phpstan-assert-if-false null $this->last()
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isNotEmpty()
    {
        return ! $this->isEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * Run a map over each nested chunk of items.
     *
     * @template TMapSpreadValue
     *
     * @param  callable(mixed...): TMapSpreadValue  $callback
     * @return static<TKey, TMapSpreadValue>
     */
    public function mapSpread(callable $callback)
    {
        return $this->map(function ($chunk, $key) use ($callback) {
            $chunk[] = $key;

            return $callback(...$chunk);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Run a grouping map over the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapToGroupsKey of array-key
     * @template TMapToGroupsValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapToGroupsKey, TMapToGroupsValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapToGroupsKey, static<int, TMapToGroupsValue>>
     */
    public function mapToGroups(callable $callback)
    {
        $groups = $this->mapToDictionary($callback);

        return $groups->map([$this, 'make']);
    }

    /**
     * Map a collection and flatten the result by a single level.
     *
     * @template TFlatMapKey of array-key
     * @template TFlatMapValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): (\Illuminate\Support\Collection<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>|array<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>)  $callback
     * @return static<TFlatMapKey, TFlatMapValue>
     */
    public function flatMap(callable $callback)
    {
        return $this->map($callback)->collapse();
    }

    /**
     * Map the values into a new class.
     *
     * @template TMapIntoValue
     *
     * @param  class-string<TMapIntoValue>  $class
     * @return static<TKey, TMapIntoValue>
     */
    public function mapInto($class)
    {
        if (is_subclass_of($class, BackedEnum::class)) {
            return $this->map(fn ($value, $key) => $class::from($value));
        }

        return $this->map(fn ($value, $key) => new $class($value, $key));
    }

    /**
     * Get the min value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue):mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function min($callback = null)
    {
        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        return $this->map(fn ($value) => $callback($value))
            ->filter(fn ($value) => ! is_null($value))
            ->reduce(fn ($result, $value) => is_null($result) || $value < $result ? $value : $result);
    }

    /**
     * Get the max value of a given key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue):mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function max($callback = null)
    {
        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        return $this->filter(fn ($value) => ! is_null($value))->reduce(function ($result, $item) use ($callback) {
            $value = $callback($item);

            return is_null($result) || $value > $result ? $value : $result;
        });
    }

    /**
     * "Paginate" the collection by slicing it into a smaller collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $page
     * @param  int  $perPage
     * @return static
     */
    public function forPage($page, $perPage)
    {
        $offset = max(0, ($page - 1) * $perPage);

        return $this->slice($offset, $perPage);
    }

    /**
     * Partition the collection into two arrays using the given callback or key.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  TValue|string|null  $operator
     * @param  TValue|null  $value
     * @return static<int<0, 1>, static<TKey, TValue>>
     */
    public function partition($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        $passed = [];
        $failed = [];

        $callback = func_num_args() === 1
            ? $this->valueRetriever($key)
            : $this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args());

        foreach ($this as $key => $item) {
            if ($callback($item, $key)) {
                $passed[$key] = $item;
            } else {
                $failed[$key] = $item;
            }
        }

        return new static([new static($passed), new static($failed)]);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the percentage of items that pass a given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)  $callback
     * @param  int  $precision
     * @return float|null
     */
    public function percentage(callable $callback, int $precision = 2)
    {
        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        return round(
            $this->filter($callback)->count() / $this->count() * 100,
            $precision
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get the sum of the given values.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): mixed)|string|null  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function sum($callback = null)
    {
        $callback = is_null($callback)
            ? $this->identity()
            : $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        return $this->reduce(fn ($result, $item) => $result + $callback($item), 0);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the collection is empty.
     *
     * @template TWhenEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenEmptyReturnType)  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function whenEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        return $this->when($this->isEmpty(), $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback if the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @template TWhenNotEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TWhenNotEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TWhenNotEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TWhenNotEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function whenNotEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        return $this->when($this->isNotEmpty(), $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback unless the collection is empty.
     *
     * @template TUnlessEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TUnlessEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function unlessEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        return $this->whenNotEmpty($callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the callback unless the collection is not empty.
     *
     * @template TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType  $callback
     * @param  (callable($this): TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType)|null  $default
     * @return $this|TUnlessNotEmptyReturnType
     */
    public function unlessNotEmpty(callable $callback, ?callable $default = null)
    {
        return $this->whenEmpty($callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function where($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return $this->filter($this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args()));
    }

    /**
     * Filter items where the value for the given key is null.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNull($key = null)
    {
        return $this->whereStrict($key, null);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items where the value for the given key is not null.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotNull($key = null)
    {
        return $this->where($key, '!==', null);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereStrict($key, $value)
    {
        return $this->where($key, '===', $value);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereIn($key, $values, $strict = false)
    {
        $values = $this->getArrayableItems($values);

        return $this->filter(fn ($item) => in_array(data_get($item, $key), $values, $strict));
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereInStrict($key, $values)
    {
        return $this->whereIn($key, $values, true);
    }

    /**
     * Filter items such that the value of the given key is between the given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereBetween($key, $values)
    {
        return $this->where($key, '>=', reset($values))->where($key, '<=', end($values));
    }

    /**
     * Filter items such that the value of the given key is not between the given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotBetween($key, $values)
    {
        return $this->filter(
            fn ($item) => data_get($item, $key) < reset($values) || data_get($item, $key) > end($values)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotIn($key, $values, $strict = false)
    {
        $values = $this->getArrayableItems($values);

        return $this->reject(fn ($item) => in_array(data_get($item, $key), $values, $strict));
    }

    /**
     * Filter items by the given key value pair using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|iterable  $values
     * @return static
     */
    public function whereNotInStrict($key, $values)
    {
        return $this->whereNotIn($key, $values, true);
    }

    /**
     * Filter the items, removing any items that don't match the given type(s).
     *
     * @template TWhereInstanceOf
     *
     * @param  class-string<TWhereInstanceOf>|array<array-key, class-string<TWhereInstanceOf>>  $type
     * @return static<TKey, TWhereInstanceOf>
     */
    public function whereInstanceOf($type)
    {
        return $this->filter(function ($value) use ($type) {
            if (is_array($type)) {
                foreach ($type as $classType) {
                    if ($value instanceof $classType) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }

                return false;
            }

            return $value instanceof $type;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Pass the collection to the given callback and return the result.
     *
     * @template TPipeReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable($this): TPipeReturnType  $callback
     * @return TPipeReturnType
     */
    public function pipe(callable $callback)
    {
        return $callback($this);
    }

    /**
     * Pass the collection into a new class.
     *
     * @template TPipeIntoValue
     *
     * @param  class-string<TPipeIntoValue>  $class
     * @return TPipeIntoValue
     */
    public function pipeInto($class)
    {
        return new $class($this);
    }

    /**
     * Pass the collection through a series of callable pipes and return the result.
     *
     * @param  array<callable>  $callbacks
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function pipeThrough($callbacks)
    {
        return Collection::make($callbacks)->reduce(
            fn ($carry, $callback) => $callback($carry),
            $this,
        );
    }

    /**
     * Reduce the collection to a single value.
     *
     * @template TReduceInitial
     * @template TReduceReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable(TReduceInitial|TReduceReturnType, TValue, TKey): TReduceReturnType  $callback
     * @param  TReduceInitial  $initial
     * @return TReduceReturnType
     */
    public function reduce(callable $callback, $initial = null)
    {
        $result = $initial;

        foreach ($this as $key => $value) {
            $result = $callback($result, $value, $key);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Reduce the collection to multiple aggregate values.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @param  mixed  ...$initial
     * @return array
     *
     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException
     */
    public function reduceSpread(callable $callback, ...$initial)
    {
        $result = $initial;

        foreach ($this as $key => $value) {
            $result = call_user_func_array($callback, array_merge($result, [$value, $key]));

            if (! is_array($result)) {
                throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
                    "%s::reduceSpread expects reducer to return an array, but got a '%s' instead.",
                    class_basename(static::class), gettype($result)
                ));
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Reduce an associative collection to a single value.
     *
     * @template TReduceWithKeysInitial
     * @template TReduceWithKeysReturnType
     *
     * @param  callable(TReduceWithKeysInitial|TReduceWithKeysReturnType, TValue, TKey): TReduceWithKeysReturnType  $callback
     * @param  TReduceWithKeysInitial  $initial
     * @return TReduceWithKeysReturnType
     */
    public function reduceWithKeys(callable $callback, $initial = null)
    {
        return $this->reduce($callback, $initial);
    }

    /**
     * Create a collection of all elements that do not pass a given truth test.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|bool|TValue  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function reject($callback = true)
    {
        $useAsCallable = $this->useAsCallable($callback);

        return $this->filter(function ($value, $key) use ($callback, $useAsCallable) {
            return $useAsCallable
                ? ! $callback($value, $key)
                : $value != $callback;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Pass the collection to the given callback and then return it.
     *
     * @param  callable($this): mixed  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function tap(callable $callback)
    {
        $callback($this);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function unique($key = null, $strict = false)
    {
        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($key);

        $exists = [];

        return $this->reject(function ($item, $key) use ($callback, $strict, &$exists) {
            if (in_array($id = $callback($item, $key), $exists, $strict)) {
                return true;
            }

            $exists[] = $id;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @return static
     */
    public function uniqueStrict($key = null)
    {
        return $this->unique($key, true);
    }

    /**
     * Collect the values into a collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function collect()
    {
        return new Collection($this->all());
    }

    /**
     * Get the collection of items as a plain array.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, mixed>
     */
    public function toArray()
    {
        return $this->map(fn ($value) => $value instanceof Arrayable ? $value->toArray() : $value)->all();
    }

    /**
     * Convert the object into something JSON serializable.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, mixed>
     */
    public function jsonSerialize(): array
    {
        return array_map(function ($value) {
            if ($value instanceof JsonSerializable) {
                return $value->jsonSerialize();
            } elseif ($value instanceof Jsonable) {
                return json_decode($value->toJson(), true);
            } elseif ($value instanceof Arrayable) {
                return $value->toArray();
            }

            return $value;
        }, $this->all());
    }

    /**
     * Get the collection of items as JSON.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return string
     */
    public function toJson($options = 0)
    {
        return json_encode($this->jsonSerialize(), $options);
    }

    /**
     * Get a CachingIterator instance.
     *
     * @param  int  $flags
     * @return \CachingIterator
     */
    public function getCachingIterator($flags = CachingIterator::CALL_TOSTRING)
    {
        return new CachingIterator($this->getIterator(), $flags);
    }

    /**
     * Convert the collection to its string representation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        return $this->escapeWhenCastingToString
            ? e($this->toJson())
            : $this->toJson();
    }

    /**
     * Indicate that the model's string representation should be escaped when __toString is invoked.
     *
     * @param  bool  $escape
     * @return $this
     */
    public function escapeWhenCastingToString($escape = true)
    {
        $this->escapeWhenCastingToString = $escape;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Add a method to the list of proxied methods.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @return void
     */
    public static function proxy($method)
    {
        static::$proxies[] = $method;
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically access collection proxies.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function __get($key)
    {
        if (! in_array($key, static::$proxies)) {
            throw new Exception("Property [{$key}] does not exist on this collection instance.");
        }

        return new HigherOrderCollectionProxy($this, $key);
    }

    /**
     * Results array of items from Collection or Arrayable.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $items
     * @return array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    protected function getArrayableItems($items)
    {
        if (is_array($items)) {
            return $items;
        }

        return match (true) {
            $items instanceof WeakMap => throw new InvalidArgumentException('Collections can not be created using instances of WeakMap.'),
            $items instanceof Enumerable => $items->all(),
            $items instanceof Arrayable => $items->toArray(),
            $items instanceof \Traversable => iterator_to_array($items),
            $items instanceof Jsonable => json_decode($items->toJson(), true),
            $items instanceof JsonSerializable => (array) $items->jsonSerialize(),
            $items instanceof UnitEnum => [$items],
            default => (array) $items,
        };
    }

    /**
     * Get an operator checker callback.
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $key
     * @param  string|null  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function operatorForWhere($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        if ($this->useAsCallable($key)) {
            return $key;
        }

        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            $value = true;

            $operator = '=';
        }

        if (func_num_args() === 2) {
            $value = $operator;

            $operator = '=';
        }

        return function ($item) use ($key, $operator, $value) {
            $retrieved = data_get($item, $key);

            $strings = array_filter([$retrieved, $value], function ($value) {
                return is_string($value) || (is_object($value) && method_exists($value, '__toString'));
            });

            if (count($strings) < 2 && count(array_filter([$retrieved, $value], 'is_object')) == 1) {
                return in_array($operator, ['!=', '<>', '!==']);
            }

            switch ($operator) {
                default:
                case '=':
                case '==':  return $retrieved == $value;
                case '!=':
                case '<>':  return $retrieved != $value;
                case '<':   return $retrieved < $value;
                case '>':   return $retrieved > $value;
                case '<=':  return $retrieved <= $value;
                case '>=':  return $retrieved >= $value;
                case '===': return $retrieved === $value;
                case '!==': return $retrieved !== $value;
                case '<=>': return $retrieved <=> $value;
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given value is callable, but not a string.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function useAsCallable($value)
    {
        return ! is_string($value) && is_callable($value);
    }

    /**
     * Get a value retrieving callback.
     *
     * @param  callable|string|null  $value
     * @return callable
     */
    protected function valueRetriever($value)
    {
        if ($this->useAsCallable($value)) {
            return $value;
        }

        return fn ($item) => data_get($item, $value);
    }

    /**
     * Make a function to check an item's equality.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return \Closure(mixed): bool
     */
    protected function equality($value)
    {
        return fn ($item) => $item === $value;
    }

    /**
     * Make a function using another function, by negating its result.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function negate(Closure $callback)
    {
        return fn (...$params) => ! $callback(...$params);
    }

    /**
     * Make a function that returns what's passed to it.
     *
     * @return \Closure(TValue): TValue
     */
    protected function identity()
    {
        return fn ($value) => $value;
    }
}
?>
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Support;

use ArrayIterator;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\CanBeEscapedWhenCastToString;
use Illuminate\Support\Traits\EnumeratesValues;
use stdClass;

/**
 * @template TKey of array-key
 *
 * @template-covariant TValue
 *
 * @implements \ArrayAccess<TKey, TValue>
 * @implements \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<TKey, TValue>
 */
class Collection implements \ArrayAccess, CanBeEscapedWhenCastToString, Enumerable
{
    /**
     * @use \Illuminate\Support\Traits\EnumeratesValues<TKey, TValue>
     */
    use EnumeratesValues, Traits\Macroable;

    /**
     * The items contained in the collection.
     *
     * @var array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    protected $items = [];

    /**
     * Create a new collection.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>|null  $items
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct($items = [])
    {
        $this->items = $this->getArrayableItems($items);
    }

    /**
     * Create a collection with the given range.
     *
     * @param  int  $from
     * @param  int  $to
     * @param  int  $step
     * @return static<int, int>
     */
    public static function range($from, $to, $step = 1)
    {
        return new static(range($from, $to, $step));
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @return array<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function all()
    {
        return $this->items;
    }

    /**
     * Get a lazy collection for the items in this collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\LazyCollection<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function lazy()
    {
        return new LazyCollection($this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Get the median of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>|null  $key
     * @return float|int|null
     */
    public function median($key = null)
    {
        $values = (isset($key) ? $this->pluck($key) : $this)
            ->filter(fn ($item) => ! is_null($item))
            ->sort()->values();

        $count = $values->count();

        if ($count === 0) {
            return;
        }

        $middle = (int) ($count / 2);

        if ($count % 2) {
            return $values->get($middle);
        }

        return (new static([
            $values->get($middle - 1), $values->get($middle),
        ]))->average();
    }

    /**
     * Get the mode of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|array<array-key, string>|null  $key
     * @return array<int, float|int>|null
     */
    public function mode($key = null)
    {
        if ($this->count() === 0) {
            return;
        }

        $collection = isset($key) ? $this->pluck($key) : $this;

        $counts = new static;

        $collection->each(fn ($value) => $counts[$value] = isset($counts[$value]) ? $counts[$value] + 1 : 1);

        $sorted = $counts->sort();

        $highestValue = $sorted->last();

        return $sorted->filter(fn ($value) => $value == $highestValue)
            ->sort()->keys()->all();
    }

    /**
     * Collapse the collection of items into a single array.
     *
     * @return static<int, mixed>
     */
    public function collapse()
    {
        return new static(Arr::collapse($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Collapse the collection of items into a single array while preserving its keys.
     *
     * @return static<mixed, mixed>
     */
    public function collapseWithKeys()
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $values) {
            if ($values instanceof Collection) {
                $values = $values->all();
            } elseif (! is_array($values)) {
                continue;
            }

            $results[$key] = $values;
        }

        return new static(array_replace(...$results));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists in the collection.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|TValue|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function contains($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            if ($this->useAsCallable($key)) {
                $placeholder = new stdClass;

                return $this->first($key, $placeholder) !== $placeholder;
            }

            return in_array($key, $this->items);
        }

        return $this->contains($this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args()));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists, using strict comparison.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): bool)|TValue|array-key  $key
     * @param  TValue|null  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function containsStrict($key, $value = null)
    {
        if (func_num_args() === 2) {
            return $this->contains(fn ($item) => data_get($item, $key) === $value);
        }

        if ($this->useAsCallable($key)) {
            return ! is_null($this->first($key));
        }

        return in_array($key, $this->items, true);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item is not contained in the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function doesntContain($key, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return ! $this->contains(...func_get_args());
    }

    /**
     * Cross join with the given lists, returning all possible permutations.
     *
     * @template TCrossJoinKey
     * @template TCrossJoinValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TCrossJoinKey, TCrossJoinValue>|iterable<TCrossJoinKey, TCrossJoinValue>  ...$lists
     * @return static<int, array<int, TValue|TCrossJoinValue>>
     */
    public function crossJoin(...$lists)
    {
        return new static(Arr::crossJoin(
            $this->items, ...array_map([$this, 'getArrayableItems'], $lists)
        ));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection that are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diff($items)
    {
        return new static(array_diff($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection that are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_udiff($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection whose keys and values are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffAssoc($items)
    {
        return new static(array_diff_assoc($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection whose keys and values are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffAssocUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_diff_uassoc($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection whose keys are not present in the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffKeys($items)
    {
        return new static(array_diff_key($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Get the items in the collection whose keys are not present in the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function diffKeysUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_diff_ukey($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve duplicate items from the collection.
     *
     * @template TMapValue
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): TMapValue)|string|null  $callback
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function duplicates($callback = null, $strict = false)
    {
        $items = $this->map($this->valueRetriever($callback));

        $uniqueItems = $items->unique(null, $strict);

        $compare = $this->duplicateComparator($strict);

        $duplicates = new static;

        foreach ($items as $key => $value) {
            if ($uniqueItems->isNotEmpty() && $compare($value, $uniqueItems->first())) {
                $uniqueItems->shift();
            } else {
                $duplicates[$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        return $duplicates;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve duplicate items from the collection using strict comparison.
     *
     * @template TMapValue
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue): TMapValue)|string|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function duplicatesStrict($callback = null)
    {
        return $this->duplicates($callback, true);
    }

    /**
     * Get the comparison function to detect duplicates.
     *
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return callable(TValue, TValue): bool
     */
    protected function duplicateComparator($strict)
    {
        if ($strict) {
            return fn ($a, $b) => $a === $b;
        }

        return fn ($a, $b) => $a == $b;
    }

    /**
     * Get all items except for those with the specified keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>|string  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function except($keys)
    {
        if (is_null($keys)) {
            return new static($this->items);
        }

        if ($keys instanceof Enumerable) {
            $keys = $keys->all();
        } elseif (! is_array($keys)) {
            $keys = func_get_args();
        }

        return new static(Arr::except($this->items, $keys));
    }

    /**
     * Run a filter over each of the items.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function filter(?callable $callback = null)
    {
        if ($callback) {
            return new static(Arr::where($this->items, $callback));
        }

        return new static(array_filter($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Get the first item from the collection passing the given truth test.
     *
     * @template TFirstDefault
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TFirstDefault|(\Closure(): TFirstDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TFirstDefault
     */
    public function first(?callable $callback = null, $default = null)
    {
        return Arr::first($this->items, $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Get a flattened array of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $depth
     * @return static<int, mixed>
     */
    public function flatten($depth = INF)
    {
        return new static(Arr::flatten($this->items, $depth));
    }

    /**
     * Flip the items in the collection.
     *
     * @return static<TValue, TKey>
     */
    public function flip()
    {
        return new static(array_flip($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Remove an item from the collection by key.
     *
     * \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TKey>|TKey  $keys
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    public function forget($keys)
    {
        foreach ($this->getArrayableItems($keys) as $key) {
            $this->offsetUnset($key);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get an item from the collection by key.
     *
     * @template TGetDefault
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @param  TGetDefault|(\Closure(): TGetDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TGetDefault
     */
    public function get($key, $default = null)
    {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $this->items)) {
            return $this->items[$key];
        }

        return value($default);
    }

    /**
     * Get an item from the collection by key or add it to collection if it does not exist.
     *
     * @template TGetOrPutValue
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @param  TGetOrPutValue|(\Closure(): TGetOrPutValue)  $value
     * @return TValue|TGetOrPutValue
     */
    public function getOrPut($key, $value)
    {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $this->items)) {
            return $this->items[$key];
        }

        $this->offsetSet($key, $value = value($value));

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Group an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @template TGroupKey of array-key
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): TGroupKey)|array|string  $groupBy
     * @param  bool  $preserveKeys
     * @return static<($groupBy is string ? array-key : ($groupBy is array ? array-key : TGroupKey)), static<($preserveKeys is true ? TKey : int), TValue>>
     */
    public function groupBy($groupBy, $preserveKeys = false)
    {
        if (! $this->useAsCallable($groupBy) && is_array($groupBy)) {
            $nextGroups = $groupBy;

            $groupBy = array_shift($nextGroups);
        }

        $groupBy = $this->valueRetriever($groupBy);

        $results = [];

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $value) {
            $groupKeys = $groupBy($value, $key);

            if (! is_array($groupKeys)) {
                $groupKeys = [$groupKeys];
            }

            foreach ($groupKeys as $groupKey) {
                $groupKey = match (true) {
                    is_bool($groupKey) => (int) $groupKey,
                    $groupKey instanceof \BackedEnum => $groupKey->value,
                    $groupKey instanceof \Stringable => (string) $groupKey,
                    default => $groupKey,
                };

                if (! array_key_exists($groupKey, $results)) {
                    $results[$groupKey] = new static;
                }

                $results[$groupKey]->offsetSet($preserveKeys ? $key : null, $value);
            }
        }

        $result = new static($results);

        if (! empty($nextGroups)) {
            return $result->map->groupBy($nextGroups, $preserveKeys);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Key an associative array by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @template TNewKey of array-key
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): TNewKey)|array|string  $keyBy
     * @return static<($keyBy is string ? array-key : ($keyBy is array ? array-key : TNewKey)), TValue>
     */
    public function keyBy($keyBy)
    {
        $keyBy = $this->valueRetriever($keyBy);

        $results = [];

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $item) {
            $resolvedKey = $keyBy($item, $key);

            if (is_object($resolvedKey)) {
                $resolvedKey = (string) $resolvedKey;
            }

            $results[$resolvedKey] = $item;
        }

        return new static($results);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists in the collection by key.
     *
     * @param  TKey|array<array-key, TKey>  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function has($key)
    {
        $keys = is_array($key) ? $key : func_get_args();

        foreach ($keys as $value) {
            if (! array_key_exists($value, $this->items)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if any of the keys exist in the collection.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAny($key)
    {
        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return false;
        }

        $keys = is_array($key) ? $key : func_get_args();

        foreach ($keys as $value) {
            if ($this->has($value)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Concatenate values of a given key as a string.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $value
     * @param  string|null  $glue
     * @return string
     */
    public function implode($value, $glue = null)
    {
        if ($this->useAsCallable($value)) {
            return implode($glue ?? '', $this->map($value)->all());
        }

        $first = $this->first();

        if (is_array($first) || (is_object($first) && ! $first instanceof Stringable)) {
            return implode($glue ?? '', $this->pluck($value)->all());
        }

        return implode($value ?? '', $this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersect($items)
    {
        return new static(array_intersect($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_uintersect($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items with additional index check.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectAssoc($items)
    {
        return new static(array_intersect_assoc($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items with additional index check, using the callback.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TValue>|iterable<array-key, TValue>  $items
     * @param  callable(TValue, TValue): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectAssocUsing($items, callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(array_intersect_uassoc($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items), $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Intersect the collection with the given items by key.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, mixed>|iterable<TKey, mixed>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function intersectByKeys($items)
    {
        return new static(array_intersect_key(
            $this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)
        ));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the collection is empty or not.
     *
     * @phpstan-assert-if-true null $this->first()
     * @phpstan-assert-if-true null $this->last()
     *
     * @phpstan-assert-if-false TValue $this->first()
     * @phpstan-assert-if-false TValue $this->last()
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isEmpty()
    {
        return empty($this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the collection contains a single item.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function containsOneItem()
    {
        return $this->count() === 1;
    }

    /**
     * Join all items from the collection using a string. The final items can use a separate glue string.
     *
     * @param  string  $glue
     * @param  string  $finalGlue
     * @return string
     */
    public function join($glue, $finalGlue = '')
    {
        if ($finalGlue === '') {
            return $this->implode($glue);
        }

        $count = $this->count();

        if ($count === 0) {
            return '';
        }

        if ($count === 1) {
            return $this->last();
        }

        $collection = new static($this->items);

        $finalItem = $collection->pop();

        return $collection->implode($glue).$finalGlue.$finalItem;
    }

    /**
     * Get the keys of the collection items.
     *
     * @return static<int, TKey>
     */
    public function keys()
    {
        return new static(array_keys($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Get the last item from the collection.
     *
     * @template TLastDefault
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|null  $callback
     * @param  TLastDefault|(\Closure(): TLastDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TLastDefault
     */
    public function last(?callable $callback = null, $default = null)
    {
        return Arr::last($this->items, $callback, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Get the values of a given key.
     *
     * @param  string|int|array<array-key, string>|null  $value
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return static<array-key, mixed>
     */
    public function pluck($value, $key = null)
    {
        return new static(Arr::pluck($this->items, $value, $key));
    }

    /**
     * Run a map over each of the items.
     *
     * @template TMapValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): TMapValue  $callback
     * @return static<TKey, TMapValue>
     */
    public function map(callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(Arr::map($this->items, $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Run a dictionary map over the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapToDictionaryKey of array-key
     * @template TMapToDictionaryValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapToDictionaryKey, TMapToDictionaryValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapToDictionaryKey, array<int, TMapToDictionaryValue>>
     */
    public function mapToDictionary(callable $callback)
    {
        $dictionary = [];

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $item) {
            $pair = $callback($item, $key);

            $key = key($pair);

            $value = reset($pair);

            if (! isset($dictionary[$key])) {
                $dictionary[$key] = [];
            }

            $dictionary[$key][] = $value;
        }

        return new static($dictionary);
    }

    /**
     * Run an associative map over each of the items.
     *
     * The callback should return an associative array with a single key/value pair.
     *
     * @template TMapWithKeysKey of array-key
     * @template TMapWithKeysValue
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): array<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>  $callback
     * @return static<TMapWithKeysKey, TMapWithKeysValue>
     */
    public function mapWithKeys(callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(Arr::mapWithKeys($this->items, $callback));
    }

    /**
     * Merge the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function merge($items)
    {
        return new static(array_merge($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Recursively merge the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @template TMergeRecursiveValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TMergeRecursiveValue>|iterable<TKey, TMergeRecursiveValue>  $items
     * @return static<TKey, TValue|TMergeRecursiveValue>
     */
    public function mergeRecursive($items)
    {
        return new static(array_merge_recursive($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Multiply the items in the collection by the multiplier.
     *
     * @param  int  $multiplier
     * @return static
     */
    public function multiply(int $multiplier)
    {
        $new = new static;

        for ($i = 0; $i < $multiplier; $i++) {
            $new->push(...$this->items);
        }

        return $new;
    }

    /**
     * Create a collection by using this collection for keys and another for its values.
     *
     * @template TCombineValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TCombineValue>|iterable<array-key, TCombineValue>  $values
     * @return static<TValue, TCombineValue>
     */
    public function combine($values)
    {
        return new static(array_combine($this->all(), $this->getArrayableItems($values)));
    }

    /**
     * Union the collection with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function union($items)
    {
        return new static($this->items + $this->getArrayableItems($items));
    }

    /**
     * Create a new collection consisting of every n-th element.
     *
     * @param  int  $step
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @return static
     */
    public function nth($step, $offset = 0)
    {
        $new = [];

        $position = 0;

        foreach ($this->slice($offset)->items as $item) {
            if ($position % $step === 0) {
                $new[] = $item;
            }

            $position++;
        }

        return new static($new);
    }

    /**
     * Get the items with the specified keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>|string|null  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function only($keys)
    {
        if (is_null($keys)) {
            return new static($this->items);
        }

        if ($keys instanceof Enumerable) {
            $keys = $keys->all();
        }

        $keys = is_array($keys) ? $keys : func_get_args();

        return new static(Arr::only($this->items, $keys));
    }

    /**
     * Select specific values from the items within the collection.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Enumerable<array-key, TKey>|array<array-key, TKey>|string|null  $keys
     * @return static
     */
    public function select($keys)
    {
        if (is_null($keys)) {
            return new static($this->items);
        }

        if ($keys instanceof Enumerable) {
            $keys = $keys->all();
        }

        $keys = is_array($keys) ? $keys : func_get_args();

        return new static(Arr::select($this->items, $keys));
    }

    /**
     * Get and remove the last N items from the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return static<int, TValue>|TValue|null
     */
    public function pop($count = 1)
    {
        if ($count === 1) {
            return array_pop($this->items);
        }

        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return new static;
        }

        $results = [];

        $collectionCount = $this->count();

        foreach (range(1, min($count, $collectionCount)) as $item) {
            array_push($results, array_pop($this->items));
        }

        return new static($results);
    }

    /**
     * Push an item onto the beginning of the collection.
     *
     * @param  TValue  $value
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @return $this
     */
    public function prepend($value, $key = null)
    {
        $this->items = Arr::prepend($this->items, ...func_get_args());

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Push one or more items onto the end of the collection.
     *
     * @param  TValue  ...$values
     * @return $this
     */
    public function push(...$values)
    {
        foreach ($values as $value) {
            $this->items[] = $value;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Prepend one or more items to the beginning of the collection.
     *
     * @param  TValue  ...$values
     * @return $this
     */
    public function unshift(...$values)
    {
        array_unshift($this->items, ...$values);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Push all of the given items onto the collection.
     *
     * @template TConcatKey of array-key
     * @template TConcatValue
     *
     * @param  iterable<TConcatKey, TConcatValue>  $source
     * @return static<TKey|TConcatKey, TValue|TConcatValue>
     */
    public function concat($source)
    {
        $result = new static($this);

        foreach ($source as $item) {
            $result->push($item);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Get and remove an item from the collection.
     *
     * @template TPullDefault
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @param  TPullDefault|(\Closure(): TPullDefault)  $default
     * @return TValue|TPullDefault
     */
    public function pull($key, $default = null)
    {
        return Arr::pull($this->items, $key, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Put an item in the collection by key.
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @param  TValue  $value
     * @return $this
     */
    public function put($key, $value)
    {
        $this->offsetSet($key, $value);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get one or a specified number of items randomly from the collection.
     *
     * @param  (callable(self<TKey, TValue>): int)|int|null  $number
     * @param  bool  $preserveKeys
     * @return static<int, TValue>|TValue
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function random($number = null, $preserveKeys = false)
    {
        if (is_null($number)) {
            return Arr::random($this->items);
        }

        if (is_callable($number)) {
            return new static(Arr::random($this->items, $number($this), $preserveKeys));
        }

        return new static(Arr::random($this->items, $number, $preserveKeys));
    }

    /**
     * Replace the collection items with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function replace($items)
    {
        return new static(array_replace($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Recursively replace the collection items with the given items.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<TKey, TValue>|iterable<TKey, TValue>  $items
     * @return static
     */
    public function replaceRecursive($items)
    {
        return new static(array_replace_recursive($this->items, $this->getArrayableItems($items)));
    }

    /**
     * Reverse items order.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function reverse()
    {
        return new static(array_reverse($this->items, true));
    }

    /**
     * Search the collection for a given value and return the corresponding key if successful.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TKey|false
     */
    public function search($value, $strict = false)
    {
        if (! $this->useAsCallable($value)) {
            return array_search($value, $this->items, $strict);
        }

        foreach ($this->items as $key => $item) {
            if ($value($item, $key)) {
                return $key;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get the item before the given item.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function before($value, $strict = false)
    {
        $key = $this->search($value, $strict);

        if ($key === false) {
            return null;
        }

        $position = ($keys = $this->keys())->search($key);

        if ($position === 0) {
            return null;
        }

        return $this->get($keys->get($position - 1));
    }

    /**
     * Get the item after the given item.
     *
     * @param  TValue|(callable(TValue,TKey): bool)  $value
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return TValue|null
     */
    public function after($value, $strict = false)
    {
        $key = $this->search($value, $strict);

        if ($key === false) {
            return null;
        }

        $position = ($keys = $this->keys())->search($key);

        if ($position === $keys->count() - 1) {
            return null;
        }

        return $this->get($keys->get($position + 1));
    }

    /**
     * Get and remove the first N items from the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return static<int, TValue>|TValue|null
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function shift($count = 1)
    {
        if ($count < 0) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Number of shifted items may not be less than zero.');
        }

        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        if ($count === 0) {
            return new static;
        }

        if ($count === 1) {
            return array_shift($this->items);
        }

        $results = [];

        $collectionCount = $this->count();

        foreach (range(1, min($count, $collectionCount)) as $item) {
            array_push($results, array_shift($this->items));
        }

        return new static($results);
    }

    /**
     * Shuffle the items in the collection.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function shuffle()
    {
        return new static(Arr::shuffle($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Create chunks representing a "sliding window" view of the items in the collection.
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @param  int  $step
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function sliding($size = 2, $step = 1)
    {
        $chunks = floor(($this->count() - $size) / $step) + 1;

        return static::times($chunks, fn ($number) => $this->slice(($number - 1) * $step, $size));
    }

    /**
     * Skip the first {$count} items.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return static
     */
    public function skip($count)
    {
        return $this->slice($count);
    }

    /**
     * Skip items in the collection until the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function skipUntil($value)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->skipUntil($value)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Skip items in the collection while the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function skipWhile($value)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->skipWhile($value)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Slice the underlying collection array.
     *
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @return static
     */
    public function slice($offset, $length = null)
    {
        return new static(array_slice($this->items, $offset, $length, true));
    }

    /**
     * Split a collection into a certain number of groups.
     *
     * @param  int  $numberOfGroups
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function split($numberOfGroups)
    {
        if ($this->isEmpty()) {
            return new static;
        }

        $groups = new static;

        $groupSize = floor($this->count() / $numberOfGroups);

        $remain = $this->count() % $numberOfGroups;

        $start = 0;

        for ($i = 0; $i < $numberOfGroups; $i++) {
            $size = $groupSize;

            if ($i < $remain) {
                $size++;
            }

            if ($size) {
                $groups->push(new static(array_slice($this->items, $start, $size)));

                $start += $size;
            }
        }

        return $groups;
    }

    /**
     * Split a collection into a certain number of groups, and fill the first groups completely.
     *
     * @param  int  $numberOfGroups
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function splitIn($numberOfGroups)
    {
        return $this->chunk((int) ceil($this->count() / $numberOfGroups));
    }

    /**
     * Get the first item in the collection, but only if exactly one item exists. Otherwise, throw an exception.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\MultipleItemsFoundException
     */
    public function sole($key = null, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        $filter = func_num_args() > 1
            ? $this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args())
            : $key;

        $items = $this->unless($filter == null)->filter($filter);

        $count = $items->count();

        if ($count === 0) {
            throw new ItemNotFoundException;
        }

        if ($count > 1) {
            throw new MultipleItemsFoundException($count);
        }

        return $items->first();
    }

    /**
     * Get the first item in the collection but throw an exception if no matching items exist.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): bool)|string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return TValue
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException
     */
    public function firstOrFail($key = null, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        $filter = func_num_args() > 1
            ? $this->operatorForWhere(...func_get_args())
            : $key;

        $placeholder = new stdClass();

        $item = $this->first($filter, $placeholder);

        if ($item === $placeholder) {
            throw new ItemNotFoundException;
        }

        return $item;
    }

    /**
     * Chunk the collection into chunks of the given size.
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @return static<int, static>
     */
    public function chunk($size)
    {
        if ($size <= 0) {
            return new static;
        }

        $chunks = [];

        foreach (array_chunk($this->items, $size, true) as $chunk) {
            $chunks[] = new static($chunk);
        }

        return new static($chunks);
    }

    /**
     * Chunk the collection into chunks with a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey, static<int, TValue>): bool  $callback
     * @return static<int, static<int, TValue>>
     */
    public function chunkWhile(callable $callback)
    {
        return new static(
            $this->lazy()->chunkWhile($callback)->mapInto(static::class)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Sort through each item with a callback.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TValue): int)|null|int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function sort($callback = null)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        $callback && is_callable($callback)
            ? uasort($items, $callback)
            : asort($items, $callback ?? SORT_REGULAR);

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Sort items in descending order.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        arsort($items, $options);

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $callback
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortBy($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false)
    {
        if (is_array($callback) && ! is_callable($callback)) {
            return $this->sortByMany($callback, $options);
        }

        $results = [];

        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($callback);

        // First we will loop through the items and get the comparator from a callback
        // function which we were given. Then, we will sort the returned values and
        // grab all the corresponding values for the sorted keys from this array.
        foreach ($this->items as $key => $value) {
            $results[$key] = $callback($value, $key);
        }

        $descending ? arsort($results, $options)
            : asort($results, $options);

        // Once we have sorted all of the keys in the array, we will loop through them
        // and grab the corresponding model so we can set the underlying items list
        // to the sorted version. Then we'll just return the collection instance.
        foreach (array_keys($results) as $key) {
            $results[$key] = $this->items[$key];
        }

        return new static($results);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection using multiple comparisons.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>  $comparisons
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    protected function sortByMany(array $comparisons = [], int $options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        uasort($items, function ($a, $b) use ($comparisons, $options) {
            foreach ($comparisons as $comparison) {
                $comparison = Arr::wrap($comparison);

                $prop = $comparison[0];

                $ascending = Arr::get($comparison, 1, true) === true ||
                    Arr::get($comparison, 1, true) === 'asc';

                if (! is_string($prop) && is_callable($prop)) {
                    $result = $prop($a, $b);
                } else {
                    $values = [data_get($a, $prop), data_get($b, $prop)];

                    if (! $ascending) {
                        $values = array_reverse($values);
                    }

                    if (($options & SORT_FLAG_CASE) === SORT_FLAG_CASE) {
                        if (($options & SORT_NATURAL) === SORT_NATURAL) {
                            $result = strnatcasecmp($values[0], $values[1]);
                        } else {
                            $result = strcasecmp($values[0], $values[1]);
                        }
                    } else {
                        $result = match ($options) {
                            SORT_NUMERIC => intval($values[0]) <=> intval($values[1]),
                            SORT_STRING => strcmp($values[0], $values[1]),
                            SORT_NATURAL => strnatcmp((string) $values[0], (string) $values[1]),
                            SORT_LOCALE_STRING => strcoll($values[0], $values[1]),
                            default => $values[0] <=> $values[1],
                        };
                    }
                }

                if ($result === 0) {
                    continue;
                }

                return $result;
            }
        });

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection in descending order using the given callback.
     *
     * @param  array<array-key, (callable(TValue, TValue): mixed)|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|array{string, string}>|(callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string  $callback
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortByDesc($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        if (is_array($callback) && ! is_callable($callback)) {
            foreach ($callback as $index => $key) {
                $comparison = Arr::wrap($key);

                $comparison[1] = 'desc';

                $callback[$index] = $comparison;
            }
        }

        return $this->sortBy($callback, $options, true);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @param  bool  $descending
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeys($options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        $descending ? krsort($items, $options) : ksort($items, $options);

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys in descending order.
     *
     * @param  int  $options
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeysDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR)
    {
        return $this->sortKeys($options, true);
    }

    /**
     * Sort the collection keys using a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TKey, TKey): int  $callback
     * @return static
     */
    public function sortKeysUsing(callable $callback)
    {
        $items = $this->items;

        uksort($items, $callback);

        return new static($items);
    }

    /**
     * Splice a portion of the underlying collection array.
     *
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @param  array<array-key, TValue>  $replacement
     * @return static
     */
    public function splice($offset, $length = null, $replacement = [])
    {
        if (func_num_args() === 1) {
            return new static(array_splice($this->items, $offset));
        }

        return new static(array_splice($this->items, $offset, $length, $this->getArrayableItems($replacement)));
    }

    /**
     * Take the first or last {$limit} items.
     *
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @return static
     */
    public function take($limit)
    {
        if ($limit < 0) {
            return $this->slice($limit, abs($limit));
        }

        return $this->slice(0, $limit);
    }

    /**
     * Take items in the collection until the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function takeUntil($value)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->takeUntil($value)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Take items in the collection while the given condition is met.
     *
     * @param  TValue|callable(TValue,TKey): bool  $value
     * @return static
     */
    public function takeWhile($value)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->takeWhile($value)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Transform each item in the collection using a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable(TValue, TKey): TValue  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function transform(callable $callback)
    {
        $this->items = $this->map($callback)->all();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Flatten a multi-dimensional associative array with dots.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function dot()
    {
        return new static(Arr::dot($this->all()));
    }

    /**
     * Convert a flatten "dot" notation array into an expanded array.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function undot()
    {
        return new static(Arr::undot($this->all()));
    }

    /**
     * Return only unique items from the collection array.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): mixed)|string|null  $key
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return static
     */
    public function unique($key = null, $strict = false)
    {
        if (is_null($key) && $strict === false) {
            return new static(array_unique($this->items, SORT_REGULAR));
        }

        $callback = $this->valueRetriever($key);

        $exists = [];

        return $this->reject(function ($item, $key) use ($callback, $strict, &$exists) {
            if (in_array($id = $callback($item, $key), $exists, $strict)) {
                return true;
            }

            $exists[] = $id;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reset the keys on the underlying array.
     *
     * @return static<int, TValue>
     */
    public function values()
    {
        return new static(array_values($this->items));
    }

    /**
     * Zip the collection together with one or more arrays.
     *
     * e.g. new Collection([1, 2, 3])->zip([4, 5, 6]);
     *      => [[1, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]]
     *
     * @template TZipValue
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable<array-key, TZipValue>|iterable<array-key, TZipValue>  ...$items
     * @return static<int, static<int, TValue|TZipValue>>
     */
    public function zip($items)
    {
        $arrayableItems = array_map(fn ($items) => $this->getArrayableItems($items), func_get_args());

        $params = array_merge([fn () => new static(func_get_args()), $this->items], $arrayableItems);

        return new static(array_map(...$params));
    }

    /**
     * Pad collection to the specified length with a value.
     *
     * @template TPadValue
     *
     * @param  int  $size
     * @param  TPadValue  $value
     * @return static<int, TValue|TPadValue>
     */
    public function pad($size, $value)
    {
        return new static(array_pad($this->items, $size, $value));
    }

    /**
     * Get an iterator for the items.
     *
     * @return \ArrayIterator<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function getIterator(): \Traversable
    {
        return new ArrayIterator($this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Count the number of items in the collection.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function count(): int
    {
        return count($this->items);
    }

    /**
     * Count the number of items in the collection by a field or using a callback.
     *
     * @param  (callable(TValue, TKey): array-key)|string|null  $countBy
     * @return static<array-key, int>
     */
    public function countBy($countBy = null)
    {
        return new static($this->lazy()->countBy($countBy)->all());
    }

    /**
     * Add an item to the collection.
     *
     * @param  TValue  $item
     * @return $this
     */
    public function add($item)
    {
        $this->items[] = $item;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get a base Support collection instance from this collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<TKey, TValue>
     */
    public function toBase()
    {
        return new self($this);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an item exists at an offset.
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($key): bool
    {
        return isset($this->items[$key]);
    }

    /**
     * Get an item at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @return TValue
     */
    public function offsetGet($key): mixed
    {
        return $this->items[$key];
    }

    /**
     * Set the item at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  TKey|null  $key
     * @param  TValue  $value
     * @return void
     */
    public function offsetSet($key, $value): void
    {
        if (is_null($key)) {
            $this->items[] = $value;
        } else {
            $this->items[$key] = $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unset the item at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  TKey  $key
     * @return void
     */
    public function offsetUnset($key): void
    {
        unset($this->items[$key]);
    }
}
?>

<?php
class Product {
    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;
    private string $currency;
    private string $category;
    private string $brand;
    private Collection $options;

    /**
     * @param string $title
     * @param string $description
     * @param int $price
     * @param string $currency
     * @param string $category
     * @param string $brand
     * @param Collection $options
     */
    public function __construct(string $title, string $description, int $price, string $currency, string $category, string $brand, Collection $options)
    {
        $this->title = $title;
        $this->description = $description;
        $this->price = $price;
        $this->currency = $currency;
        $this->category = $category;
        $this->brand = $brand;
        $this->options = $options;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getTitle(): string
    {
        return $this->title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getDescription(): string
    {
        return $this->description;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @return int
     */
    public function getPrice(): int
    {
        return $this->price;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCurrency(): string
    {
        return $this->currency;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $currency
     */
    public function setCurrency(string $currency): void
    {
        $this->currency = $currency;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCategory(): string
    {
        return $this->category;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $category
     */
    public function setCategory(string $category): void
    {
        $this->category = $category;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getBrand(): string
    {
        return $this->brand;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $brand
     */
    public function setBrand(string $brand): void
    {
        $this->brand = $brand;
    }

    /**
     * @return Collection
     */
    public function getOptions(): array
    {
        return $this->options;
    }

    /**
     * @param Collection $options
     */
    public function setOptions(Collection $options): void
    {
        $this->options = $options;
    }


}

class Option {


    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;
    private Collection $items;

    /**
     * @param string $title
     * @param string $description
     * @param int $price
     * @param Collection $items
     */
    public function __construct(string $title, string $description, int $price, Collection $items)
    {
        $this->title = $title;
        $this->description = $description;
        $this->price = $price;
        $this->items = $items;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * @param Collection $items
     */
    public function setItems(Collection $items): void
    {
        $this->items = $items;
    }
}

class OptionItem {
    private string $title;
    private string $description;
    private int $price;

    /**
     * @param string $title
     * @param string $description
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function __construct(string $title, string $description, int $price)
    {
        $this->title = $title;
        $this->description = $description;
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $title
     */
    public function setTitle(string $title): void
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $description
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description): void
    {
        $this->description = $description;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function setPrice(int $price): void
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }
}

$products = new Collection();
$start = microtime(true);
for ($k = 0; $k <= 1000; $k++) {
    $options = new Collection();
    for ($j = 0; $j <= 10; $j++) {
        $optionItems = new Collection();
        for ($i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++) {
            $optionItem = new Collection(new OptionItem(title: 'OptionItem' . $i, description: 'OptionItem ' . $i . ' Description', price: random_int(1000, 10000)));
            $optionItems->add($optionItem);
        }

        $option = new Collection(new Option(title: 'Option' . $j, description: 'Option ' . $j . ' Description', price: random_int(1000, 10000), items: $optionItems));
        $options->add($option);
    }
    $products->add(new Collection(new Product(title: 'Product' . $k, description: 'Product ' . $k . ' Description', price: random_int(1000, 10000), currency: 'USD', category: 'Category' . $k, brand: 'Brand' . $k, options: $options)));
}

$end = microtime(true);
echo 'Memory Peak Usage: ' . (memory_get_peak_usage(true) / 1024 / 1024) . ' MB' . '<br>';
echo 'Execution Time: ' . round($end - $start, 2) . ' seconds' . '<br>';